What are the 4 ways of knowing?
Empirical, Aesthetical, Ethical & Personal
Philosophy encompasses three areas:
Knowledge, Values and Being.
These beliefs will serve as the underpinnings of your philosophy of nursing, which provides the theoretical foundations on which our caring relationships are based.
What is metaparadigm concepts?
Each conceptual framework was an attempt to define nursing by creating a theoretical definition for the substance and structure for determining the key bodies of knowledge that would be needed to understand particular clinical situations. This is called metaparadigm and included the concepts of person, environment, health & nursing
What are the 4 metaparadigm concepts of nursing?
Health, Nursing, Person, Environment
Explain the importance of Florence Nightingale’s work to establish nursing as a profession.
- The movement to improve standards of nursing care in the mid-nineteenth century was spearheaded by Florence, who is considered the founder of of modern nursing
- nurses were trained by Nightingale in the school she established and the roles customary expected of women in the 19th century by traveling to Germany, where she work with German deaconesses
- She accepted the post of superintendent at Harley Street Hospital in London.
- When reports reached London of the appalling conditions for wounded British soldiers Nightingale was asked to organize a group of nurses to go to Crimea in 1854
- cared for the wounded and made them comfortable in ways that would foster their recovery
- Tough women how to achieve dramatic reductions in morbidity and mortality rates, saving the lives of thousands of wounded British soldiers by applying principles of CLEANLINESS and COMFORT to nursing care.
- Remarkable shift in public attitudes toward the acceptability of woman doing nursing outside the home occurred as a resort of her work
- Her work made remarkable advances in health care and the expansion in the number and importance of hospitals created a need for nurses, and the nursing profession became one of the most significant avenues of work for women in the 19th century.
- Nightingale became an advocate for the health of people reform of the health care system of the British army, and educational preparation for nursing.
- Made her views known through voluminous writing and lobbied members of Parliament and acquaintances to support and act on her views
- She drew conclusions from health data that she collected and analyzed, thus becoming known as the first health statistician
Grand theory
Global, conceptual framework that provides insight into abstract phenomena, such as human behavior or nusing science. Grand theories are broad in scope and therefore require further application through research before the ideas can be fully tested. They are intended not to provide guidance for specific nursing interventions but rather to provide the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing. They are sometimes called paradigms because they represent distinct world views about those phenomena and provide the structural framework within which narrower-range theories can be developed and tested.
Middle-range theory
Encompasses a more limited scope and is less abstract. Middle-range theories address specific phenomena or concepts and reflect practice (administration, clinical, or teaching). The phenomena or concepts tend to cross different nursing field and reflect a variety of nursing care situations.
Descriptive theory
Describes phenomena (e.g. respond to illness through patterns of coping), speculates on why phenomena occur, and describes the consequences of phenomena. Descriptive theories have the ability to explain relate, and in same situations predict phenomena of concern to nursing. Descriptive nursing theories are designed not to direct specific nursing activities but rather to help explain client assessments and possibly guide future nursing research.
Prescriptive theory
Addresses nursing interventions and helps predict the consequences of a specific intervention. A prescriptive nursing theory should designate the prescription (i.e., nursing interventions), the conditions under which the prescription should occur, and the consequences. Prescriptive theories are action oriented, which tests the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention. These theories guide nursing research to develop and test specific nursing interventions
Concept
A mental formula of objects or events, representing the basic way in which ideas are organized and communicated Example: Anxiety
Conceptualization
The process of formulating concepts. Ex: Framing behavioral patterns as anxiety related.
Operational Definition
A description of concepts, articulated in such a way that they can be applied to decision making in practice. It links concept with with other concepts and with theories, and it often includes the essential properties and distinguishing features of a concept. Ex Social determinants of illness
Theory:
A purposeful set of assumptions or propositions about concepts; shows relationships between concepts and thereby provides a systematic view of phenomena so that they may be explained predicted, or prescribed.
Assumption:
A description of concepts or connection of two concepts that are accepted as factual or tue; includes “taken for granted” ideas about the nature and purpose of concepts, as well as the structure of theory.
Interprofessional:
Interprofessional: Is when “two or more professionals learn with, from, and about each other across the spectrum of their life-long professional educational journey to improve collaboration, practice, and quality of client-centered care.
Intraprofessional
Intraprofessional: Is when two categories of the same discipline learn about and from each other:
-what they have in common
-how they are different
E.G. in Canada we have different categories of nurses: CNS, NP, RN, RPN, and LPN
Laurentian’s philosophy of nursing and nursing education
Nursing is an art and a science. As an art, Nursing is the professionalization of the human capacity to care. Nurses are unique position to help people to understand their health related experiences and to promote their ablity to make informed health care choices. “People, persons and clients” refer to an individual, family, group, community or society. People make choices based on the meaning they attribute to their experiences and their choices are influenced by internal and external factors, including environment. Through a multi-disciplinary health care context and professional caring relationships, nurses inform and involve their clients. This relationship empowers clients to make the best possible choices for their health and enhances the healing process.
The scientific component of the practice of Nursing involves abstract and logical thinking skills and the generation and utilization of research findings, knowledge and experience. Nursing practice requires a foundational understanding of science-based knowledge related to the structure and function of the human body, the basic clinical features of disease , and the underlying physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms.
Self-directed learning
Independence in setting goals and defining what is worthwhile to learn. Positive outcomes for the learner: self- directed learners are motivated, persistent, independent, self-disciplined, self-confident and goal oriented.
Caring
- means concern about a person, events, projects, and things. It is a word for being connected.
- is a central concept that is essential to the practice of nursing. it is of even greater importance because of today’s increasingly hectic health care environment. The demands, pressure, and time constraints in the health care environment leave little room for caring practice; as a result, nurses and other health care providers may become cold and indifferent to patients needs.
Health promotion
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.
Ontological
is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.
Paradigm
a typical example or pattern of something; a model.
Epistemological
a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge.
Praxis
Practical application or exercise of a branch of learning
