Dangers of labeling
- isolation
- parent disagreement
PL 94-142/Section 504
the Big 6
- FAPE- Free and Appropriate Public Ed
- LRE- Least Restricted Environment
- IEP- Individualized, Education Plan
- Procedural Due Process
- Nondiscriminatory Assessment
- Parental Participation
IEPs, LRE, IDEA
- IEP- Individualized Education Plan- individualized program to help student with special needs (skills, goals, level, yearly assessment)
- LRE- Least Restrictive Environment- for maximum education
- IDEA- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act- 1990- Ind. transition plans, expanded related services, distinct disability categories, can sue for noncompliance, academic performance assessment
Teaching arrangements (4)
- Team- both SPED and GED teach, gen. ed, sped, and bil.ed.
- Station- SPED and GED teach separate. Grouping, same topic, ratio.
- Parallel- SPED and GED teach same topic, different learning.
- Alternative- SPED and GED teach same topic, different learning, ratio.
Culture, bilingual-special ed. needs
- language characteristics that help develop language use plan
- cultural factors
- characteristics of culturally and linguistically 0
Parent/professional relationships
parents fully participate in education decisions, receive counseling, and home-based plans
Stage models of parent reaction to disability
-Primary
shock
denial
grief and depression
-Secondary ambivalence (mixed feelings) guilt anger shame
-Tertiary
bargaining
adaption and reorganization
acceptance and adjustment
- time varies
- can go forewords or backwards
Inclusion/ Mainstream
- Taught to the best possible extent. All children with disabilities should be taught exclusively in gen. ed classroom in the age appropriate grade they’d normally be in.
- The social and instructional inclusion into the normal classroom.
Multiple Intelligences
Howard Garner -Problem solving
- verbal/linguistic
- musical/rhythmic
- bodily/kinesthetic
- interpersonal
- logical/mathematical
- visual/spatial
- intrapersonal
- naturalist
Family systems framework (the plate)
extended family, marital, parental, sibling.
family characteristics and family functions
Family life cycle
- Early Childhood (birth- 5)
- School Age (5-12)
- Adolescence (12-21)
- Adulthood (21+)
Parental and Sibling Issues
Multicultural education/ Bilingual education
- Umbrella concept- race, language, social class, disability, and gender. Cultural background is valued.
- Education is instructed primarily in student’s native language while developing competency and proficiency.
BICS and CALPS
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (1-3 yrs to develop)
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency Skills (5-7 yrs to develop)
Characteristics of individuals with MR/intellectual disabilities
Learning
- attention
- memory
- academic performance/development
- motivation
- generalization
- language development
Social and Behavioral
-social development
Learned Helplessness
“No matter the effort, I’m destined to fail” thinking.
Need strong, positive support system and positive reinforcement
Functional curriculum
- life skills
- academic skills applied to everyday situations (making change, following directions in a cookbook)
- goal is successful daily living
Instructional Strategies (4)
- Cooperative Learning- heterogeneous groups (better with poorer).
- Task Analysis- the zipper. Model, step- demo, feedback.
- Unit Approach- theme planning. 1 theme for all subjects for 1-2 weeks
- Scaffolding- like riding a bike. one step at a time. student support structure. graphic organizers, pause-ask questions-pause-review.
