Melody
A series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole
Harmony
The way chords are constructed and how they follow each other
Rhythm
The particular arrangement of note length in a piece of music
Dynamics
Degrees of loudness and softness; sudden or gradual changes
Timbre
Tone color: quality that distinguishes tones; can be bright, dark, mellow etc.
Tempo
The rate of speed of the beat of the music
Form
The organization of musical elements in time
Texture
How many different layers of sound are heard at once to what kind of layers they are and to how they are related to each other