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midterm bacterial pathogen basics Flashcards

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1
Q

main mastitis pathogens

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • mycoplasma spp.
  • streptococcus spp.
  • coliforms
  • trueperella pyogenes
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2
Q

staphylococcus aureus general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • coccus
  • facultative anaerobe
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3
Q

contagious mastitis pathogens

A
  • staphylococcus aureus(most important cause)
  • mycoplasma spp. (especially M. Bovis)
  • streptococcus agalactiae
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4
Q

gangrenous mastitis pathogens

A
  • staphylococcus aureus
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5
Q

mycoplasma spp. general characteristics

A
  • pleomorphic cells
  • stain gram neg but not really gram neg (mollicute)
  • lack outer membrane and cell wall
  • membrane contains cholesterol
  • will not grow on bld agar must grow on special media
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6
Q

which mycoplasma spp. cause mastitis

A
  • mycoplasma bovis

- others?

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7
Q

streptococcus spp. characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • facultative anaerobe
  • coccus
  • pairs or chains
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8
Q

streptococcus spp. catalyse test

A

catalayse negative

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9
Q

streptococcus spp. involved in mastitis

A 
contagious:
- streptococcus agalactiae
enveionrmental 
- streptococcus dysgalactiae
- streptococcus uberis (often subclinical)
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10
Q

environmental mastitis pathogens

A
  • streptococcus dysgalactiae
  • streptococcus uberis is (environmental mastitis)
  • coliforms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp.)
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11
Q

causes of coliform mastitis pathogens

A
  • escherichia coli
  • klebsiella spp.
  • enterobacter spp.
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12
Q

Coliform general characterisitcs

A
  • gram neg
  • facultative anaerobe
  • bacillus
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13
Q

Trueparella pyogenes general characteristics

A
  • gram pos
  • bacillus or diptheroid
  • facultative anaerobe
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14
Q

summer mastitis pathogens

A
  • trueparella pyogenes

- streptococcus dysgalactiae

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15
Q

Moraxella spp. of concern

A
  • moraxella bovis

- moraxella ovis

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16
Q

moraxella spp. general characteristics

A
  • gram neg
  • aerobic
  • coccobacillus
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17
Q

streptococcus spp. of concern respiratory

A
  • Streptococcus equi spp. equi (group c) R
  • streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus (group c) Z
  • streptococcus suis (group d) Z
  • streptococcus canis (group g)
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
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18
Q

streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus effects

A
  • horse
  • dog
  • cat
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19
Q

streptococcus suis effects who

A

pigs

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20
Q

streptococcus canis effects who

A
  • cats

- dogs

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21
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae effects who

A
  • human pathogen
  • non-human primates
  • cats
  • g. pigs
  • pneumonia in other animals
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22
Q

members of pasteurellaceae family

A
  • Avibacterium spp.
  • Haemophilus spp.
  • pasteurella spp.
  • Mannheimia spp.
  • bibersteinia spp.
  • actinobacillus spp.
  • histophilus spp.
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23
Q

Avibacterium spp. general characteristics

A
  • gram negative
  • bacillus
  • facultative anaerobe
  • require NAD and/ or heme
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24
Q

Haemophilus spp.

A
  • gram negative
  • bacillus
  • facultative anaerobe
  • require NAD and/ or heme
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25
Pasteurella multocida general features
- gram neg - facultative anaerobe - coccobacillus - bipolar staining common - 5 capsular serotypes - z possibilities?
26
Bordetella species of intrest
- Bordetella bronchiseptica Z | - Bordetella avium Z
27
bordetella spp. general chracteristics
- gram neg - obligate aerobe - coccobacillus
28
Mannheimia haemolytica general characteristics
- gram neg - facultative anaerobe - coccobacillus - bipolar staining common - 12 capsular serotypes
29
Bibersteinia trehalosi general characteristics
- gram neg - facultative anaerobe - coccobacillus - bipolar staining common
30
Actinobacillus spp. general characteristics
- gram neg - coccobacillus - fac anaerobe
31
actinobacillus spp. of interest
- actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
32
Histophilus somni general characteristics
- gram neg - fac anaerobe - bacillus - * often associated w/ Mannheimia haemolytica*
33
Rhodococcus equi general characteristics
- gram pos - variably acid fast - strike aerobe - coccus or bacillus - Z
34
mycoplasma spp. resp tract
``` birds - mycoplasma gallisepticum R - mycoplasma melegridis - mycoplasma iowae bovine - mycoplasma bovoculi - mycoplasma bovis - mycoplasma mycoidies spp. mycoides R; USDA SELECT AGENT LIST Small ruminants -mycoplasma conjunctivae goats only - mycoplasma mycoidies spp. capri - mycoplasma capricolum spp. capripneumoniae sheep - mycoplasma ovipneumoniae swine - mycoplasma hyopneumoniae feline - mycoplasma felis - mycoplasma gateae rodent - mycoplasma pulmonis ```
35
chlamydia spp. general characteristics
- small - round - gram neg - obligate aerobe - obligate intracell pathogens
36
chlamydia spp of interest
- chlamydia felis - chlamydia pecorum - chlamydia psittaci R, Z
37
escherichia coli general features
- gram neg - facultative anaerobe - bacillus - second respiratory invader
38
klebsiella spp. general features
- gram neg - facultative anaerobe - bacillus
39
anaerobes general characteristics
- commensals or oropharynx - cause pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, pleuritis - foul smell breath, pleural fluid, nasal discharge
40
anaerobes examples
- bactericides spp. - prevotella spp. - fusobacterium spp.
41
Aspergillus fumigatus general characteristics
- fungi - mold - septet hyphae - repro by formation phialoconidia - strict aerobe
42
aspergillosis fumigatus infections
- keratomycosis horse - brooder pneumonia birds - nasal aspergillosis dogs - guttural pouch mycosis horse - pneumonia animals with high level of exposure
43
nocardia spp. general chracteristics
- gram pos - variably acid fast - fillamentous bacillus look like fungi but are bacteria - obligate aerobe
44
nocardia spp.
- nocardia asteroides | - nocardia nova
45
mycobacterium spp. general characteritics
- gram pos - acid fast - aerobe - bacillus - frank pathogen (not opportunist)
46
mycobacterium spp. of intrest
- mycobacterium tuberculosis | - mycobacterium bovis R Z
47
Cryptococcus spp. general characteristics
- yeast - divide by budding - strict aerobe
48
cryptococcus spp of intrest
- cyrptococcus neoformans | - cryptococcus gatti
49
nervous system pathogens of interest
- streptococcus suis - listeria monocytogenes - encephalitozoon cuniculi - clostridium tetani - clostridium botulinum
50
streptococcus suis general chracteristics
- gram pos - facultative anaerobe - coccus in chains - encapsulated - Z
51
Listeria monocytogenes general chracteristics
- gram pos - facultative anaerobe - bacillus - grow in low temp - Z
52
encephalitozoon cuniculi general characteristics
- microsporidia - obligate intracellular - unicellular - derived/ related to fungi - Z
53
clostridium spp. general chracteristics
- gram pos - spore-forming - anaerobe - bacillus
54
clostridium spp. of interest neuro
- clostridium tetani - clostridium botulinum HEALTH AND HUMAN SELECT AGENTS LIST potential agents biological warfare (toxins and strains that produce botulinum)
55
clostridium tetani spore characteristics
- terminal spores | - tennis racket morphology -> survive well in environment
56
mycobacterium spp of interest digestive tract
- mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis; R; Z? | - mycobacterium avium spp. avium Z
57
escherichia coli species of interest digestive tract
- enterotoxigenic Escherchia coli - shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli subsets: - STEC shiga-toxin producing E. coli - EHEC: enterohemorrhagic E. coli Z
58
fusobacterium necrophorum general characteristics
- gram neg | - obligate anaerobic bacilli or filamentous (not branching fillamentous)
59
brachyspira spp. general characteristic
- gram neg - spirochetes - motile via periplasmic flagella - oxygen tolerant anaerobes
60
brachyspira spp. of interest digestive tract
- brachyspira hyodysenteriae | - brachyspira pilosicoli Z
61
salmonella enterica general features
- gram neg - bacillus - facultative anaerobe - R - Z
62
Neorickettsia spp. family and general characteristics
``` - family = anaplasmataceae general characteristics - obligate aerobes - obligate intracellular bacteria - stain gram neg but not really gram neg - have no cell wall but two membranes w/ cholesterol they get from host ```
63
neorickettsia spp of interest
- neorickettsia risticii | - neorickettsia helminthoeca
64
campylobacter spp. general characteristics
- gram neg - curved bacillus - microaerophilic - Z
65
campylobacter spp. of intrest
- campylobacter jejuni Z | - campylobacter coli Z
66
lawsonia intracellularis general characteristics
- gram neg - curved bacillus - microaerophilic - does not grow on standard bacteriological media
67
Clostridium spp. gi
- clostridium perfringens Z | - clostridium piriform
68
c. difficile
- clostridiodes difficile NOT clostridium anymore but characteristics are same - z?
69
Clostridium spp. and clostridiodes difficile general characteristics
- gram pos - anaerobic - bacilli - spore-forming
70
clostridium piliforme general characteristics
- gram variable (gram pos but sometimes appears gram neg staining) - obligate intracellular (other clostridium are extracellular) - spore forming - anaerobic - bacillus
71
yersinia spp of interest
- yersinia enterocolitica | - yersinia pseudotuberculosis
72
yersinia general characteristics
- Z - rod shapped - facultative anaerobe - gram neg - grow in low temp
73
cattle ocular pathogens bacteria
- mycoplasma bovoculi | - moraxella bovis
74
cattle respiratory pathogens bacteria
- mannheimia haemolytica - histophilus somni - trueparella pyogenes - pasturella multocida - mycoplasma bovis - mycoplasma mycoidies spp. mycoides - mycobacterium bovis - salmonella enterica (older calves)
75
horses ocular pathogens bacteria
- streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus | - aspergillus fumigatus
76
horses guttural pouch pathogen bacteria
- Streptococcus equi spp. equi
77
horses pneumonia pathogen bacteria
- rhodococcus equi - streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus - various obligate anaerobes - klebsiella spp. - aspergillus spp.
78
swine atrophic rhinitis pathogens bacteria
- pasturella multocida | - bordetella bronciceptica
79
pneumonia pigs pathogens bacteria
- actinobacillus pleuropneumonia - mycoplasma hyopnumoniae - streptococcus suis (less common than above to for pneumonia)
80
sheep and goat ocular pathogens bacteria
- mycoplasma conjunctivae - moraxella ovis - chlamydia percorum
81
sheep and goat respiratory pathogens bacteria
- mannhaemia haemolytica | - pasturella multocida
82
sheep respiratory pathogens bacteria
``` sheep only - mycoplasma ovipneumoniae sheep and goat pathogens - mannhaemia haemolytica - pasturella multocida ```
83
goats respiratory pathogens bacteria
``` goat only - mycoplasma mycoides spp. capri - mycoplasma capricolum spp. capripneumoniae sheep and goat pathogens - mannhaemia haemolytica - pasturella multocida ```
84
dog occular pathogens bacteria
- asperigillus fumigatus | - bacteria that is part of norma commensal flora or in enviroment
85
dog nasal aspergillosis pathogens bacteria
- aspergillus gumigatus
86
dog respiratory kennel cough pathogens bacteria
- bordetella bronchiceptica | - streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
87
dog respiratory pneumonia pathogens bacteria
- streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus | - nocardis spp.
88
feline ocular pathogens bacteria
- mycoplasma felis - mycoplasma gate - chlamydia felis
89
feline respiratory pathogens bacteria
- mycoplasma felis - mycoplasma gateae - streptococcus canis - streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus
90
chicken respiratory pathogens bacteria
- avibactreium paragallinarum - mycoplasma gallicepticum - Escherichia coli - asperigillus spp.
91
turkey respiratory pathogens bacteria
- bordetella avium - mycoplasma gallicepticum - escherichia coli - chylamydia psittaci - mycoplasma melegridis - aspergillus spp.
92
rabbits resp pathogens bacteria
- pasturella multocida
93
psitticine birds resp pathogens bacteria
- chlamydia psittici | - mycoplasma gallicepticum
94
zoonotic resp pathogens bacteria
- pasturella multocida - chlamydia felis - chlamydia psttici - rhodococcus equi - mycobacterium bovis - bordetella bronchicepticum - bordetella aviu, - avian pathogenic E. coli
95
cattle neuro pathogens bacteria
- listeria monocytogenes - clostridium tetani - clostridium botulinum
96
horse neuro pathogens bacteria
- clostridium tetani | - clostridium botulinum
97
pig neuro pathogens bacteria
- streptococcus suis | - clostridium tetani
98
sheep/ goat neuro pathogens bacteria
- listeria monocytogenes - clostridium tetani - clostridium botulinum
99
dog neuro pathogens bacteria
- cryptococcus neoformans - cryptococcus gaetane - clostridium tetani
100
rabbits neuro pathogens bacteria
- encephalitozoon cuniculi
101
cat neuro pathogens bacteria
- cryptococcus neoformans | - cryptococcus gateae
102
bird neuro pathogens bacteria
- clostridium botulinum
103
zoonotic neuro pathogens bacteria
- listeria monocytogenes - streptococcus suis - encephalitozoon cuniculi
104
equine d+ pathogens bacteria
- salmonella enterica - lawsonia intracellularis - neorickettsia risticci - clostridiodes difficile (bldy d+ most commonly in foals but any age possible) - clostridium perfringens
105
bovine gi pathogens bacteria
- enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (newborn calves up to one week) - mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis
106
dog d+ pathogens bacteria
- campylobacter jejuni | - campylobacter coli
107
bovine d+ pathogens bacteria
- enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (newborn calves up to one week) - mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (infected young signs 1-3 yrs) R - salmonella enterica by non host adapted serovars (younger animals and animals of any age) - clostridium perfringes (hemorrhagic or mucohemorrhagic d+ WITH systemic signs)
108
ingested gi bacteria that -> systemic dx
- clostridium perfringes (enterotoxemia)
109
equine gi -> systemic -> death pathogens bacteria
- clostridium perfringens | - clostridium piriform (foals)
110
swine bullnose/ necrotic rhinitis pathogen bacteria
- fusobacterium necrophorum
111
d+ newborns piglets/ piglets just after weaning
enterotoxigenic E. coli
112
swine dysentery (d+) pathogen bacteria
brachyospira hyrodysenteria
113
poricine d+ chronic pathogen bacteria
lawsonia intracellularis | - can also have acute dx -> rapid death
114
swine d+
salmonella enterica (young pigs) - enterotoxigenic E. coli (newborns/ just after weaning) - brachyospira hyrodysenteria (dysenteary) - lawsonia intracellualris (chronic d+) - clostridiodes difficile (newborn piglets)
115
edema dx pigs bacteria pathogen
shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli | - see dx after weaning
116
enterotoxemia pigs pathogen bacteria
clostridium perfringens
117
sheep d+ pathogen bacteria
- enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (newborns) | - mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (usually see ill thrift may see d+)
118
enterotoxemia sheep pathogen bacteria
clostridium perfringes
119
goats d+ pathogen bacteria
mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (usually see unthriftiness not d+)
120
clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia in who
- horse - cow - sheep - goat - chicken - turkey
121
small ruminant unthriftiness pathogen bacteria
mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis
122
dog hepatic necrosis -> pathogens bacteria
clostridium piriform
123
bird tuberculosis pathogen bacteria
mycobacterium avium spp. avium
124
chicken and turkey severe dx gi pathogen bacteria
salmonella enterica host adapted serovars NOT IN US
125
clostridium piriform -> hepatic necrosis (tizzer's dx) in who
- rodent - rabbit - horse (foal) - dog
126
zoonotic pathogens gi
- enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (subset of shiga toxin producing ecoli) (severe dx v young and v old) - salmonella enterica (gastroenteritis) - campylobacter jejuni (gastroenteritis) - campylobacter coli - yersenia pseudo tuberculosis and yersenia enterocolitica (mesenteric lymphadenitis) - mycobacterium avium spp avium - mycobacterium avim spp. paratuberculosus and clostridiodes difficule suggested to be zoonotic but not proven
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