Midterm Definitions

Question 1

Nonweight bearing:
Calcaneous moves on talus

What happens in Pronation?

Answer 1

Calcaneal eversion
calcaneal abduction
calcaneal dorsiflexion

Question 2

Nonweight bearing:
Calcaneous moves on talus

What happens in Supination?

Answer 2

calcaneal inversion
calcaneal adduction
calcaneal plantarflexion

Question 3

Weightbearing:
talus moving on calcaneus

What happens in pronation?

Answer 3

calcaneal eversion
talar adduction
talar plantarflexion

Question 4

Weightbearing:
talus moving on calcaneus

What happens in supination?

Answer 4

calcaneal inversion
talar abduction
talar dorsiflexion

Question 5

kinetics

Answer 5

discription of motion of a system WITH regards to force

Question 6

kinematics

Answer 6

description of motion WITHOUT regards to force

Question 7

on a position vs time curve, what does slope mean

Answer 7

velocity

Question 8

on a velocity vs time graph, what does slope mean

Answer 8

acceleration

Question 9

on accleration vs time graph, what does slope indicate?

Answer 9

rate of change of acceleration. Positive slope is object acceleration is moving faster every second, when a slope of 0 means that the object is still accelerating, just at a constant rate

Question 10

Hysteresis

Answer 10

due to water content, when stress is removed, strain will return via a different path with less stress

Question 11

Stress Relaxation

Answer 11

occurs when there is a constant strain. If held in a position, over time, stress will decrease even though there is still same amount of strain

Question 12

Creep

Answer 12

Apply a load to muscle, the constant stress will change the length of a tissue but then a plateau

Question 13

When do active components produce the most force (actin, myosin)

Answer 13

resting length

Question 14

when do passive components produce the most force? (tendons)

Answer 14

at longest length

Question 15

When can eccentric muscle produce the most force?

Answer 15

high lengthening velocity

Question 16

When does concentric activity produce the most force?

Answer 16

low shortening veloctity

Question 17

Helping Synergist Definition

Answer 17

Same Axis Same Joint Same Action

Question 18

Stabilizing Synergist Definition

Answer 18

Same Joint, Different Axis

or

Different Joint, Same Axis

Question 19

Mechanical Energy Definition

Answer 19

½mv²

Question 20

Potential Energy Definition

Answer 20

mgh

mass x gravity x height

Question 21

Metabolic Economy Definition

Answer 21

How much oxygen you use during a given task

Question 22

Metabolic Efficiency Definition

Answer 22

Economy Divided By Velocity

Question 23

Moment of Interia Definition

Answer 23

the property of an object that states how much it resists changes in its state of motion

Higher moment of intertia=more resistance

Question 24

Momentum Definition

Answer 24

mass times velocity

Question 25

Impulse Definition

Answer 25

The area under the force (or moment) time curve Positive x axis may mean flexion, as negative x axis may mean extension. Make sure to read the axises.

Question 26

Newton's First Law

Answer 26

an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force

Question 27

Newton's Second Law

Answer 27

F=ma

Question 28

Newton's Third Law

Answer 28

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, meaning that when two objects interact, they exert forces on each other that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

Question 29

Radius of Gyration

Answer 29

distribution of mass dependent of axis or rotation. Larger radius of Gyration=Larger moment of interia=more resistance to rotation.

Question 30

Positive Power is What Type of Muscle Activity

Answer 30

Concentric

Question 31

Negative Power is What Type of Muscle Activity

Answer 31

Eccentric