MIDTERM I

Question 1

proximate explanations

Answer 1

an explanation that explains the biology of a reaction or trait

Question 2

ultimate explanation

Answer 2

an explanation that explains the evolutionary advantage of a trait

Question 3

non-genetic benefits

Answer 3

preferred trait associated w/ non-genetic benefits to chooser or offspring

Question 4

polygyny threshold model

Answer 4

point @ which a female can choose to partition a higher male or choose a lower-ranked male

Question 5

genetic benefits

Answer 5

preferred trait associated with genetic benefits to the offspring of the chooser

Question 6

runaway sexual selection

Answer 6

female preference for specific male traits become genetically coupled with that trait creating a self-reinforcing loop

Question 7

fisher’s fundamental theorem

Answer 7

selection erodes genetic variation- the more a trait helps reproduction, the less heritable it is

Question 8

ontogeny

Answer 8

the development of an individual organism or feature from the earliest stage to maturity

Question 9

primary sex traits

Answer 9

gonads, copulatory organs

Question 10

secondary sex traits

Answer 10

traits used in mating competition- products of sexual selection

Question 11

ecological sex traits

Answer 11

M/F differences not directly related to reproduction

Question 12

Coolidge Effect

Answer 12

greater male than female sexual interest in new mates ( the faster sex is more eager to mate and less choosy)

Question 13

Bateman’s Principle

Answer 13

(Angus Bateman) greater variation in reproductive success among males than among females

Question 14

flow chart

Answer 14

parental investment -> relative reproductive rates -> OSR -> opportunity for sexual selection

Question 15

gonochorists

Answer 15

species that possess only one set of reproductive organs

Question 16

mechanisms of sexual selection:

Answer 16

mate choice, contest competition, sexual coercion, sperm competition

Question 17

mate choice

Answer 17

favors behavioral/morphological traits that attract mates

Question 18

contest competition

Answer 18

helps bearers vanquish same-sex competition

Question 19

sexual coercion

Answer 19

traits to force mating

Question 20

sperm competition

Answer 20

sperm displacement, high sperm production

Question 21

operational sex ratio

Answer 21

fertilizable females/sexually active males

Question 22

relative reproductive rate

Answer 22

the sex that reproduces more slowly is in short supply

Question 23

conjugation

Answer 23

asexual DNA recombination in protozoa

Question 24

parthenogenesis

Answer 24

unfertilized eggs develop into offspring

Question 25

anisogamy

Answer 25

gamete size difference

Question 26

simultaneous hermaphroditism

Answer 26

possessing two kinds of reproductive organs

Question 27

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