MIDTERM ITEMS

Question 1

RESONANCE DISORDERS

Answer 1

Hypernasality- coupling of oral & nasal cavities during non nasal (oral) sounds; “ muffled” due to damping effect ( sound absorption) thru turbines.

Hypo nasality: reduced nasal resonance of nasal sounds due to blockage; “ stuffed up”

Question 2

RESONANCE DISORDERS

Answer 2

Cul-de-sac: structural obstruction; muffled; “potato-in-the mouth”

Mixed: combo on different sounds; common in apraxia

Question 3

Factors that impact VPI and Speech

Answer 3

• Size of VP opening
• Inconsistency of VP closure
• Abnormal articulation
• Abnormal phonation

Question 4

CAUSES OF VPD

Answer 4

VP INSUFFICIENCY (ANATOMY-STRUCTURE)

• cleft palate
• short velum
• Teeth malocclusion III
• Hypertrophic tonsils

VP INCOMPETENCE

• Dysarthria
• Apraxia
• Neuromuscular disorders
• CN Defects

Question 5

CAUSES OF VPD

Answer 5

VP MISLEARNING

• faulty artic
• bad speech habits
• hearing loss

Question 6

MUSCLES OF THE VP

Answer 6

Palatopharyngeus- narrow pharynx

Question 7

Physiology of the VP

Answer 7

• Velar movement
• Lateral pharyngeal wall movement
• Posterior pharyngeal wall movement
• Passavant’s ridge- shelf like ridge of muscle projecting from posterior pharyngeal wall into pharynx

Question 8

Factors that affect VP function

Answer 8

• Lack of m. bulk (esp. levator)
• Abnormal m. insertion
• Malposition of repaired m
• Scar tissue
• Short velum
• Deep pharynx