Midterm practice Flashcards by Shawntelle Francisco

Q

1st declension singular endings

A

-a, -ae, -ae, -am, -ā

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Q

1st declension plural endings

A

-ae, -ārum, -īs, -ās, -īs

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Q

Example of 1st declension

A

puella, puellae — girl

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Q

2nd declension masculine singular endings

A

-us/-er, -ī, -ō, -um, -ō

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Q

2nd declension masculine plural endings

A

-ī, -ōrum, -īs, -ōs, -īs

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Q

Example of 2nd declension masculine noun

A

servus, servī — slave

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Q

2nd declension neuter singular endings

A

-um, -ī, -ō, -um, -ō

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Q

2nd declension neuter plural endings

A

-a, -ōrum, -īs, -a, -īs

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Q

Example of 2nd declension neuter noun

A

bellum, bellī — war

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Q

3rd declension masc/fem singular endings

A

—, -is, -ī, -em, -e

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Q

3rd declension masc/fem plural endings

A

-ēs, -um, -ibus, -ēs, -ibus

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Q

3rd declension neuter singular endings

A

—, -is, -ī, —, -e

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Q

3rd declension neuter plural endings

A

-a, -um, -ibus, -a, -ibus

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Q

Example of 3rd declension nouns

A

rēx, rēgis (m) — king; nōmen, nōminis (n) — name

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Q

Nominative case use

A

Subject

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Q

Genitive case use

A

Possession — ‘of’

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Q

Dative case use

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A

Indirect object — ‘to/for’

Q

Accusative case use

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A

Direct object or motion toward

Q

Ablative case use

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A

By/with/from or means/manner

Q

Vocative case use

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A

Direct address (‘O…’)

Q

Present tense endings (1st/2nd conj.)

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A

-ō, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt

Q

Translate ‘amās’

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A

You love

Q

How to form imperfect tense

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A

Present stem + -ba + endings

Q

Translate ‘amābam’

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A

I was loving

How to form future tense (1st/2nd conj.)

Present stem + -bo, -bis, -bit, -bimus, -bitis, -bunt

Translate 'amābō'

I will love

Sum, esse — present tense

sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

Sum, esse — imperfect tense

eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

Sum, esse — future tense

erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

'cum' — case & meaning

Ablative — with

'in' — case & meaning

+ abl = in/on; + acc = into/onto

'ad' — case & meaning

Accusative — to/toward

'ab/ex' — case & meaning

Ablative — from/by

'sub' — case & meaning

+ abl = under; + acc = up to/under (motion)

et

and

sed

but

Step 1 in translation

Find the verb — person, number, tense

Step 2 in translation

Find the subject (nominative)

Step 3 in translation

Identify objects/prepositions (acc/abl)

Step 4 in translation

Translate literally first, then smooth