Midterm- Socialization

Question 1

define concerted cultivation

Answer 1

***different classes socialize children differently
(upper class)
- children participate in many activities organized by and often determined by adults
- parent fosters child’s skills and talents and instills in child a sense of entitlement and agency when dealing with authority
- children sees institutions as serving his/her wants and needs- develops emerging sense of empowerment and entitlement

Question 2

define natural growth

Answer 2

(lower class)
- children are allowed to structure their own time
- lots of “hanging out”
- child doesn’t question authority, parents don’t question other forms of authority
- child accepts directives unquestioningly; child learns to distrust institutions (they are no there to serve their wants and needs)
- child develops emerging sense of constraint

Question 3

define structuralist theory of socialization

Answer 3

• socialization integrates people into society through roles
• people come to internalize their social structures and thereby reproduce them

Question 4

define conflict theory of socialization

Answer 4

• people are pressured to fit into specific roles but people often resist and can change socialization process itself
• especially true for subordinated/marginalized people in society (non binary/black pride)

Question 5

define microsociology theory of socialization

Answer 5

• everyone develops a sense of “self” guided by others and their roles
• we are all in a constant process of promoting our ideal self while getting feedback from others about how they view our promoted self

Question 6

define habitus and explain its process

Answer 6

Pierre Bourdieu
- everyone is born into a pre-existing set of social structures
- as you grow up you begin to deeply internalize the logic, values, and behaviors associated with these structures into your behavior and personality
- internalization is so deep that it precludes conscious thought
- people reproduce their social structures, social roles, and socialization without processing

Question 7

Carr- socialization

Answer 7

Socialization is the process whereby an infant
gradually becomes a self-aware, knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of his or her
culture. It also describes the processes whereby preschool-age children learn to be stu-
dents, students learn to be workers, and childless persons learn to become parents.

Question 8

Carr- resocialization

Answer 8

the process whereby people learn new rules and
norms when entering a new social world. For instance, mild resocialization might occur
if we move to a diÛerent nation and must learn a new language, customs, eating habits,
and basic rules of etiquette, such as bowing rather than shaking hands with a new col-
league.

Question 9

Carr- anticipatory socialization

Answer 9

the process whereby we learn about what a par-
ticular role might entail before we enter it. For instance, parenting classes for pregnant
women and their partners provide guidance that won’t be used for several months. Sum-
mer camps for high school students prepare young people to someday live away from
home or at college, independent from one’s parents.

Question 10

Carr- hidden curriculum

Answer 10

Traits of behavior or
attitudes that are learned at school but not
included in the formal curriculum—for example,
gender differences

Question 11

Carr- changes of socialization through the life course of

Answer 11

Older people, while of course
remaining parents, forge a new set of relationships with another generation when they
become grandparents. Although cultural learning is much more intense in infancy
and early childhood than later in life, learning and adjustment continue through the
life course

Question 12

Keefe- how did Sackler resocialize doctors into new understandings of medication

Answer 12

• fake claims (Librium and valium could be prescribed for anyone and anything, even children with bad dreams)
• fake doctors and journals about efficacy of librium and valium
• Sackler worked directly with the FDA
• in response to criticism, Sackler said that doctors were men of science and reason and were too intelligent to be influenced by advertising

Question 13

Keefe: describe the later history of OxyContin

Answer 13

• Purdue’s “Pain Movement”: saw questions about pain being asked for every hospital intake regardless of symptoms or reason for the visit
• in March 2022 settlement, Sacklers’ will pay 6 bn and release company to public ownership
• the sackler family remains among america’s wealthiest