1
Q
Reincarnation
A
Rebirth
2
Q
Enlightenment
A
Wisdom
3
Q
What country borders China to the North?
A
Mongolia
4
Q
What protected China from the Southwest?
A
Himalayas
5
Q
Ideographs
A
- Form of written language
- Characters represent ideas
6
Q
Filial Piety
A
Respect and honor for parents
7
Q
Nirvana
A
Freedom from selfishness and pain
8
Q
Mandate of Heaven
A
Approval of royal authority over the people
9
Q
What did Qin Shi Huangdi improve in China?
A
- Unified China
- Standardized language, money, roads
10
Q
Middle Kingdom
A
The idea of “China-centralism”
11
Q
Silk Roads
A
- Ancient routes that transmitted goods, culture and religion
- Ran from China to the Mediterranean Sea
- Routes through deserts and mountains
- Sandstorms + mountains made travel difficult
12
Q
Analects
A
Collected sayings of Confucius
13
Q
Siddhartha Guatama
A
Founded Buddhism
14
Q
Confucius
A
Founded Confucianism
15
Q
Laozi
A
Founded Taoism
16
Q
The Four Noble Truths
A
1) Life is filled with suffering and sorrow
2) The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world
3) The way to end all suffering is to end all desires
4) The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path (Middle Way between desires and self-denial)
17
Q
What were 3 geographic features that isolated China?
A
- Himalayas
- Gobi Desert
- Plateau of Tibet
18
Q
What were the 5 fundamental relationships of Confucius?
A
- Ruler to subject
- Husband to wife
- Older brother to younger brother
- Friend to friend
- Father to son
19
Q
Why did the Qin dynasty end?
A
—Qin Shi Huangdi ____
20
Q
Where was the majority of China’s arable land?
A
East (North China Plain)
21
Q
In what region do most people in China live?
A
-Eastern
22
Q
Why did Confucianism begin?
A
Confucius thought a return to old values would create peace and harmony in society
23
Q
Taoism
A
-
24
Q
Confucianism
A
-
25
Buddhism
-
26
Which philosophy: "What goes around, comes around"
Buddhism
27
Which philosophy: "Water gives life to ten thousand things and does not thrive"
Buddhism
28
Indemnity
China's payment to Britain as a consequence of the Opium War
29
Ming
Ruled China before the Mantu invasion
30
Imperialism
Social, economic, and political control of one country by another
31
Manchu
- Forced the country to adopt customs like wearing a queue
| - Filled top government positions
32
Sphere of Influence
- The first step to creating a colony
| - Establishing economic sway over a region by foreigners
33
Taiping Rebellion*
-Required conversion to Christianity and the sharing of China's death through land reform
-
34
Extraterritorial Rights*
-Prevented China from punishing foreign criminals
| -
35
Nationalism
- Common traits unified the Chinese against the Qing
| - New idea brought to China by Westerners
36
Empress Dowager
Committed to traditional values and undermined reform efforts
37
What was the order of events for the Qing?
1) Treaty of Nanking
2) Taiping Rebellion
3) Boxer Rebellion
4) Fall of Qing
38
Favorable balance of trade
When a country exports (sells) more than it imports (buys)
39
Why did Britain defeat China in the Opium War?
British weapons and boats were superior
40
What factors caused the Revolution of 1911?
- Nationalism
- Poverty
- Western imperialism
41
Opium War*
-Took place mostly at sea
-Took place because of Britains unfavorable balance of trade
-Ended by the Treaty of Nanking
-
42
Why is the Dowager Empress a controversial figure in Chinese history?
- Female ruling male dominated society
| - Both helped and harmed the Qing dynasty's ability to maintain power
43
Self-Strengthening Movement
Called for keeping Confucianism but also adopting western science and technology
44
Why was Empress Dowager Cixi held largely responsible for the collapse of the Qing?
She prevented reforms from taking place
45
Why did industrialization help cause imperialism in China?
- European countries needed new markets to sell their goods
- They needed more sources for raw materials
- They were economically in competition with one another
46
Why is the Treaty of Nanking an example of an unequal treaty?
China gave many benefits to Britain and got nothing in return
47
100 Days of Reform*
-Short duration and limited scope reflected the Qing dynasty's inability to change
-
48
What did the Qing dynasty believe?
Chinese superiority as the "Middle Kingdom"
49
How were the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions similar?
Both opposed the Qing government
50
Northern Expedition*
- Campaign to defeat warlords and imperialists and to unify China
- Led by Chiang Kai-Shek
51
Long March
- Communist escape from Nationalists through rough terrain
| - Solidified Mao's leadership of the Communist Party
52
Kuomintang
- Nationalists
| - Escaped to Taiwan at the end of the Chinese civil war
53
Cultural Revolution*
- Attempt to regain power by Mao
| - Mao used children to accomplish his goals
54
Rape of Nanking
Six week period of slaughter by Japanese soldiers
55
Karl Marx
Wrote the Communist Manifesto detailing ideas of communism
56
Propaganda
- Used to sway public opinion to a certain position, often misleading
- Used to convince people that: communism was a success, to work hard, and that Mao was a good leader
57
Warlord period
Time of uncertainty, chaos, and the political division of China
58
Sun Yatsen*
-Father of the Chinese Republic
-Wrote Three Principles of the People
-
59
Mao Zedong*
-Improved the status of women in Chinese society
| -
60
Capitalism
Private property, more successful = make more money, private businesses + owners running economy instead of government
61
Communism
Collective ownership of property and organization of labor for the common advantage of all members (everything distributed equally)
62
Which leader:
| "I am a moderate communist who believes in economic, but not political, reform."
Deng Xiaoping
63
Which leader:
"China should not remain dedicated only to communist economic policies. What's most important is the improvement of the Chinese society."
Deng Xiaoping
64
Which leader:
| "There is a serious tendency toward capitalism among the well-to-do peasants. This is a grave problem."
Mao Zedong
65
Which leader:
"I believe that my revolutionary ideas are 'a development and a continuation of the ancient Chinese doctrines of Confucius."
Sun Yatsen
66
Which leader:
"Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting progress in the arts and sciences and a flourishing socialist culture in our land."
Mao Zedong
67
100 Flowers Bloom
- Encouraged constructive criticism of the communist Party
- Mao's idea
- Overturned when people started to criticize Mao
68
What was the goal of the Great Leap Forward?
- Improve China's agriculture and industry
- Catch up to rival the West
- Modernize China's economy
69
Four Modernizations
- Eliminated Mao's communes + leased land to individual farmers (could sell and grow crops for profit)
- Permitted private businesses
- Managers could set production goals
- Welcomed foreign technology + investment
- Issued student visas to study abroad
- Opened 88 universities
70
Anti-rightists
- After 100 Flowers bloom
| - Targeted rightists at Mao's "request"
71
Communes
- Strictly controlled life
- Peasants worked the land together
- Communal
- Owned nothing
- No incentive to work hard when only the state profited from their labor
72
Fifth Modernization
- Calls for political reform and democracy spread
- Democracy Wall- Chinese citizens could express views by posting them on wall
- Student discontent grew and became more vocal
- Not an official reform policy of the government
73
Tiananmen Square Massacre*
-Government felt threatened by the growing movement among workers
-Army ordered to clear the streets by any means necessary
-Few people know of the protests and massacres (?)
-
74
Ping pong diplomacy
Opened the lines of communication between the American and Chinese governments
75
One Child Policy
- Created by Deng Xiaoping
- Prohibited the birth of more than one child per couple
- Counter to Chinese culture
- Forced abortions and sterilizations
- Intended to preserve economic growth and standard of living
76
Great Leap Forward*
-Problem: communes felt pressured to meet unrealistic goals
| -
77
Results of the One Child Policy
- Greater pressure on children to succeed in school
- Gender imbalance
- Female infanticide (killing as baby)
78
Pacific War
-
79
Chiang Kai-Shek
- After Sun Yixian died in 1925, headed the Kuomintang
- Son of middle-class merchant
- 1929 became president of Nationalist Republic of China
- Led Northern Expedition
80
Problems of modern China*
-Widening divide between wealthy and poor
-Civil unrest because of the lack of democratic reforms
-Aging population (more elderly people in population)
-
81
Deng Xiaoping
- Became leader of China in 1980 (Communist)
- Set goals of Four Modernization
- Willing to use capitalist ideas to help China's economy
- Reforms responsible for China's miraculous come back
82
Reasons and result for Four
| Modernizations
REASON: to bring stability, unity, discipline, and economic progress to the PRC through the use of capitalistic ideas. progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science/technology
RESULT: incomes increased, food production increased, people could afford more things, more foreign money in China-boosts economy
History
flashcards
Decks in class (17)
# Cards
-
The Middle East57
-
The Middle East47
-
South Africa (apartheid)59
-
[South Africa MIDTERM]26
-
[Africa MIDTERM]22
-
[Imperialized China MIDTERM]46
-
[Ancient China MIDTERM]38
-
[Modern China MIDTERM]44
-
MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE82
-
Modern China (textbook)41
-
The Dynasties4
-
Geography of China9
-
Buddhism (68-71)14
-
The Unification Of China (104-107)14
-
Ancient China (50-55)20
-
Ethical Systems22
-
The Qin Empire13
