1
Q
Ripieno
A
the full orchestra
2
Q
Concertino
A
small group of soloists
3
Q
Concerto grosso
A
concerto made up of small group of soloists and the orchestra
4
Q
symphony
A
composition for full orchestra, usually 4 movements
5
Q
minuet and trio
A
3rd movement, dance like
6
Q
emphfindsamerstil
A
German instrumental movement in 18th century, sensitive style
7
Q
cyclicism
A
recurrence of theme in in several movements of a multi-movement work
8
Q
Gluck’s Opera Reforms
A
- music should serve the text
- use only forms that agree with the drama
- eliminate showy ornament
- lessen contrast between recitative and aria
- return chorus to an important role
- adapt orchestra to suit the drama
9
Q
Beethoven Early Period
A
- private genres
- takes classical forms, not much innovation but momentary surprises
- fluidity between string quartet and piano sonata- Pathetique and Moonlight
10
Q
Beethoven’s Middle Period
A
- takes effects from early period and applies them to public works
- does more public works
- sometimes radical changes to internal structure
- extended second halves
- de-emphasiezes roles of I and V
- new instruments
- connects movements together
- cadential reinforcement
11
Q
Beethoven’s Late Period
A
- classical models are optional
- not a lot of new music
- shift emotional weight to the final movement
- his works still continued to be played after his death
12
Q
Bach’s Locations
A
- Arnstadt 1703-1707 (organist)
- Mühlhausen 1707-1708 (organist)
- Weimar 1708-1717(organist and court composer)
- Cöthen 1717-1723 (chapel master, works for Calvinist prince)
- Leipzig 1723-1750 (Kantor at St. Thomas Church)
13
Q
German Music
A
faster harmonic rhythms, harmony travels across keys, illusionism, emotionalism, interesting and different
14
Q
Italian Music
A
slow harmonic rhythm, focus on I and V harmony, redundant
15
Q
Private Genres
A
piano sonata, string quartet, piano trio
16
Q
Public Genres
A
symphony, concerto, opera
17
Q
Beethoven’s 5th
A
takes a simple idea and creates an entire symphony out of it, can’t escape ba ba ba bums, cyclic, 4th movement in c major rather than minor, extended sections like coda and recapitulation,
18
Q
Oratorio
A
orchestra, choir, soloists, ensembles, tells story without the stage and props, hardly any interaction between characters, generally a sacred subject, Handels Messiah
19
Q
Opera
A
tells a story, usually not sacred, big production with stage and costumes,
20
Q
Mozart Bio
A
- showed a lot of musical talent as a child
- traveled a lot with his father and was exposed to various musical styles
- kick out of his job and died poor
- devoted life to achieving perfection in his music
21
Q
Transition from Baroque to Classical *
A
- music becomes lighter and clearer
- style galant (tasteful, elegant pleasing, J.C. Bach)
- Sturm und Drang (little random moments)
- Mannheim Orchestra
22
Q
Water Music
A
Handel, outdoor music, harmonically static, repetitive
23
Q
Handel
A
- 1685-1759
- German composer
- moves to London after living in Italy and Germany
- Oratorio
- Anglophile
24
Q
The Messiah
A
Handel, oratorio, visual drama in put into the music, combines different national musical styles (french, italian, german, english)
25
Bach
1. 1685-1750
2. early stuff was keyboard, middle was orchestra, late was sacred
3. considered old fashioned-kept Baroque alive until he died
4. didn't really travel much outside of a little bubble
5. cantatas
6. religious works
7. fugue
26
The Well-Tempered Calvier
Bach, books of 24 preludes and fugues, range of emotions, organized by contrapuntal technique
27
Wachet auf
Bach, cantata, slow dotted rhythms, chorales
28
Brandenburg Concertos
Bach, written for private entertainment, concerto gross (2nd concerto is trumpet, flute, oboe, violin), 6 different concertos, light mood,
29
Vivaldi
1. 1678-1741
2. Italian
3. Called Il Preste Rosso because of his red hair
4. 500+ concertos (kind of generic and similar)
traveled a lot and was famous across Europe
5. pioneered the concerto grosso
30
Four Seasons
Vivaldi, 4 movements, based on a single rhythmic theme, virtuosic and illusionism, symbolic representations of season, stays primarily in the same key with the same two chords
31
Marriage of Figaro
Mozart, based on pay by Pierre Beaumarchais, comedy with serious overtones, servant female character that outwits the aristocrats, gives voice to growing mood of revolution
32
Symphony 39
Mozart, one of the last three, serene and genial, sense of fellowship and kindness
33
Symphony no 41
Mozart, elegant, also called Jupiter, triumphant
34
Symphony 40
Mozart, Sturm und drang influence, unusual/weird extensions and reputations, written almost entirely in minor, hopelessness, melancholy, occasional outbursts of passion
35
Lucio Sill
Mozart wrote when he was 16, old fashioned story, very Baroque, brings back chorus and ensemble, dramatic development through the music, other aria forms are used
36
Don giovanni
Mozart, tragicomedy, brings all the drama on stage that had been off stage before like killing
37
Mozart's church music
written mostly in Salzburg, worked for Archbishop Colloredo who preferred missa brevis
38
Missa brevis
entire mass shrunken down or only part of a mass, 15 min of music only
39
Ave verum corups
Mozart last mass he ever writes, wrote it after he left the churh but was kind of randomly written
40
Requiem
Mozart, dies before completing it, commissioned by stranger, wanted his student Sussmayer to finish it when he died
41
Haydn
1. 1732-1809
2. one of 1st musicians to attain high social status based on his talent
3. experimented with all musical forms of the time
4. Father of the String Quartet
5. Father of the Symphony-wrote more than 100
6. slow introductions
7. loved surprises-witty and humor
8. motivic rather than thematic
9. worked for Esterhazy family for the most part
42
London Symphonies/ Surpise Symphony
12 of them, Haydn, SS only has one surprise otherwise its normal, wake up people who fell asleep, wrote them when he went to London
43
Trumpet Concerto
Haydn, written for new keyed trumpet, didn't write many concertos, was lower than any trumpet had played before
44
The Creation
Haydn, Oratorio, follows Handel's Messiah- borrows some of his tricks, paints scene in music, concerto grosso for voices instead of instruments
45
Beethoven
1. 1770-1827
2. opens door to Romanticism
3. Born in Bonn (a country type place where people are seen as rednecks)
4. moves to Vienna in his 20s
5. starts out as a pianist who composes
6. started out writing more for piano and then moved into symphonies and performed less
7. went deaf
8. really bad at writing opera
9. inspired younger composers to take risks rather than follow the model
10. prized individuality and originality
46
Pathetique Sonata in C minor Op 13
Beethoven, early piece, very dramatic, opening to Romantic, treat piano like an orchestra with different voice in different registers, brings slow beginning part back
47
Moonlight sonata Op 27
Beethoven, quasi una fantasia, sonata-allegro, actually quite classical in form
48
Fidelio
Beethoven, opera, music is good but staging is a disaster, starts as comedy and then becomes very serious, woman pretends to be a man to free her husband from jail
49
Symphony No 9
Beethoven, 4th movement doesn't start classically at all, creates drama, Turkish March section, says that they can all be friends (drinking song, drinking creates peace) very unpredictable
50
Alexander Pope
Tory Satirist, Rococo, Christian humanist, an outcast because he was a Catholic in Protestant England, believed that man could be good but was corrupted by society, wrote mainly in heroic couplets, hated new rationalsm (Descartes)
51
Essay on Man
Pope, long poem, combines Christian and humanist teachings to talk about the place occupied by human beings in divine scheme of life, divided into 4 epistles
- mentions God
- last word for every two lines rhymes
- man's imperfection
- pride
52
Johnathan Swift
dark view on humanity, hates pretty much everyone, supporter of monarchy, publicist for the Irish cause
53
Gulliver's Travels
Swift, criticism of European society, Gulliver is gullible, starts out optimistic and naive and at end is crazy and pessimistic, Houyhmhnms (horses in charge and people are slaves), Yahoos, satire of human behavior
54
A Modest Proposal
Swift, we should eat Catholic children to provide food, prevent overpopulation, eerily logical and not a bad idea the way he explains it, satire, shouldn't trust extremely rational and logical solutions to problems
55
Encyclopedie
Denis Diderot came up with the idea, was to be a collection of contemporary science, philosophy and thought and provide a system for classification of knowledge, put knowledge directly into the hands of the public, articles contributed by many (mostly experts in the field) 1751-1772
56
Rousseau
- rational humanism
- people are inherently good
- amateur musician- not the greatest, Lord Dismiss Us With Thy Blessing
- society was cause of corruption and destruction of freedom of the individual
- believed in God but didn't put trust in the church
- noble savage idea
57
noble savage
idea of Rousseau that an uncivilized group is more worthy than those who live in civilization
58
Emile
- Rousseau
- rejects the church
- says church has controlled their education
- a guy who wants to be a vicar but also wanted to get married and have a family
- man has to grow up
- talks about God
- talks about passions
- impulses of nature
- love must be mutual
- education
- not human nature to put ourselves in the place of those that are happier than us
- we never pity anyones woes unless we know we can suffer in the same manner
- the pity we feel for others is proportionate
59
Voltaire
- rational humanism
- believed aristocratic society was unjust
- Ecrasez l'infame (crush the infamous thing (superstition) aimed toward Catholic church)
- wrote poems, plays and histories, studied science, philosophy, and politics
- defended religious and political freedom
- freedom of thought
- hated intolerance
- attacked traditional view of the Bible as inspired word of God-thought on natural religion and maroliaty would end prejudice and ignorance, no need for church
60
Lisbon eartquake
1755-event that influence Candide, lots of churches fell and killed people
61
Candide
- Voltaire
- folly of unreasonable optimism
- cruelty and stupidity of human race
- hero (Candide) is subjected to lots of disasters and suffering
- satire
- cultivate our garden
- Baron, Baroness, Candide, Pangloss, Cunegund, King of Bulgarians, Cacambo
- gets captured, gets water dumped on him when he asks for food, meet leaders from all over
- reaction to Leibniz's philosophy that everything is for the best
62
Romantic Poetry
- heavy focus on personal expression, fragmentation and mystery
- sturm und drang
63
sturm und drang
- storm and stress
- dealt with the unknown and supernatural
- tried to shock readers
- influenced various disciplines
64
William Wordsworth
- part of Lake Poets (country people who wrote about country themes)
- "emotion recollected in tranquility" (reflects on things that happened before)
- wanted to create a new approach to poetry
- preferred to portray intuition and emotion rather reason
- use rural or pastoral settings rather than urban ones
65
Tory Satirists
Pope, Swift, Dryden, Dr. Johnson
66
Romantic poetry characteristics
- colloquial language
- aspires to feel spontaneous
- passion of the moment
67
Tintern Abbey
- Wordsworth
- gothic ruin
- personifies nature
- seems like a thought
68
William Blake
- considered crazy
- was an author, painter and publisher
- genius only recognized after his death
- mind and imagination were not separate
- Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience
69
Lord Byron
- mad, bad, and dangerous to know
- died young
- friends with Shelley and Keats
- commitment to struggles for liberty
- She Walks in Beauty
70
Shelley
- Sad personal life
- expelled from Oxford
- drowned under curious circumstances
71
"To---,"
- Percy Shelley
- lots of one
- accepting love and giving it, moth, star, afar, sphere of sorrow
72
Ozymandias
- Percy Shelley
- traveller from antique land
- desert
- snippet of story, no real introduction or end
- its like a passing moment
- no backstory or moral at the end
- impermanence of human achievement
73
Keats
- died of tuberculosis
- most of his poetry deals with death, not always in a pessimistic way
- most stable of the three amigos
- poignant and senstive
74
To Autumn
- Keats
- ode
- word choice creates sounds of autumn, paints a picture
- about death
- rich tie but reaching a conclusion as the poem foes on
- don't feel sorry for me because my life is ending, remember the goodness of life
75
Ode to a Nightingale
- Keats
- drugs
- death
- imortal, ecstasy, soul, darkness, Bacchus
76
Charles Dickens
- used aristocratic language but focused on social issues of the day
- wrote in different dialects to represent social classes
- wrote segments that were published in journals
- A Tale of Two Cities
- Hard Times
- American Notes for General Circulation
77
Oliver Twist
- Dickens
- uses austenesque language
- asks for more food
- attacks treatment of the poor in workhouses
- shows his views of crime as a manifestation of a general failing in society
- roundabout ways of explaining things, his birth for example
- mr. Bumble
78
Tolstoy
- didn't believe in organized religion
- believed in God and was a fervent Christian
- War and Peace
- Anna Karenina
79
Three Hermits
- Leo Tolstoy
- bishop is on island and finds 3 hermits teaches them Lord's prayer
- they run on water when they don't remember
- they were more righteous and powerful without the organized religion
80
Transcendentalists
American l literary, political, and philosophical movement, protest against state of intellectualism and spirituality, inherent goodness of people and nature
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Henry Thoreau
81
Walt Whitman
- deeply personal writing
- explicit-based on personal experience
- Civil War poet-anti war
- one of first authors to develop a characteristic American style
- wrote frequently in first person
82
song of myself
- whitman
- 1st person
- asks some questions at one point
- describe personas diferentes y que están haciendo
- musica con la trompeta y el dru
83
Song of Partin
- whitman
- habla sobre America
- hombres marchando
- geografia
- guerra
84
Emily Dickenson
- wrote for herself
- mucho del tiempo no hay titulas
- escribe sobre la muerte y amor
- escribe en ballad meter (canta a Amazing Grace)
- informal tone
- passion and reason, faith and skepticism
- unusual punctuation
- unusual vocabulary
85
Because I could not stop for Death
- Dickenson
- girl doesn't realize she's dead
- carriage
- strange capitalization
86
There's a certain Slant of Light
- Dickenson
- weird capitalization
- no scar but internal difference
- there's a light that oppressed
- religious tones
- death mentioned
87
Edgar Allen Poe
- fascination with gothic
- invented the detective story (murders on rue something or other)
- the Raven
- influenced by French symbolists (used words for their sound)
- art for arts sake
- good writing happens when length is controlled, unity of effect, development of narrative, death of a beautiful woman is most poetic topic
88
The oval Portrait
- intensified gothic horror
- european castle setting
- mad genius artist
- supernatural element, sucks life out of wife
- she dies
89
Rococo
- feminizing of the Baroque
- pseudo-Italian from French rocaille (means stone shells)
- based off garden fairy fountain motif
- effeminate, dainty, frivolous, artificial
- consciously anti-baroque style
- pallet cleanser
- all about love and unimportant things
- indfference
90
Watteau
mid-ground subjects in a landscape, not as polished, hazy sort of colors
91
Boucher
mounds of pink flesh, often mythological in subject matter
92
Carriera
Portraitist, used pastels, very soft looking
93
Tieplo
religious subject matter, could be found in churches, baroquesque
94
Rococo Architecture
- tried to get rid of appearance of corners, especially where a wall meets a filing
- gold leafing
95
Neumann
-Rococo Architect
96
Boffrand
-Rococo Architect
97
Neo-classical
reviving Greek/Roman literature, art and culture
| tries to look like ancient Greek or Roman art
98
David
overly classical, revolution, oath of horatii
99
Hogarth
-cartoonish style, deprecating, not flattering, marriage thingy
100
neoclassical architecture
looks like a greek or roman temple, Soufflot Jefferson
101
Pantheon
Soufflé, dome, columns, looks Greek
102
Jefferson
Virginia State Capitol, columns, temple like
103
Romantic art
sturm und drang, emotion displayed in paintings, emotion and opinions of artist are shown
- subject matter comes fro correct events
- dramatic narrative
- group mentality dissipating- raising individuality on a pedestal
104
Gericault
- Raft of the Medusa
- expressed opinion on recent event
- about a French ship that wrecked
105
Daumier
- caricature
- exaggerated, terribly unflattering
- drawings
106
Goya
- gruesome, macabre
- used his painting to express his opinion about Napoleon
- Execution of the Madrilenos
107
urner
- swirls of color
| - difficult to tell what the subject matter is
108
Friedrich
- ruins and skeletal trees
| - misty person thing too
109
Girodet-Trioson
- the entombment of Atala
| - love of the exotic
110
Garnier
Paris Opera House
111
thomas Cole
- rustic american landscapes
- details invite eye to wanter
- eden like
112
Homer
- lots of seascapes and some Civil War paintings
| - less finely detailed
Music 202
flashcards
Decks in class (3)
# Cards
