Midterms

Question 1

Gerontological nurses must be able to recognize:

Answer 1

signs and symptoms of illness, medication doses, and life stages

Question 2

Ageists

Answer 2

prejudiced against older adults

Question 3

Who makes up the growing number of older adults?

Answer 3

the increase in number is attributed to the group referred to as the baby boomers. who are people born between 1946 and 1965 after WWII.

Question 4

what is geriatrics and gerontology

Answer 4

geriatrics - study disease of aging.
gerontology - research and study of aging process.

Question 5

The critical activity to promote holistic care is:

Answer 5

listening

Question 6

A nursing philosophy developed by Dr. Jean Watson focuses on:

Answer 6

personalized care.
- viewing all humans as valued persons.
- placing an emphasis on the human relationship
- focusing on the human to human relationship

Question 7

How to promote privacy

Answer 7

knock on door before entering
- privacy with family members
- respect time to be alone
- pull cubicle curtains.

Question 8

How to promote personal space

Answer 8

respect personal space
- respect personal space
- use touch only if it is acceptable to the other person

Question 9

How to promote safety

Answer 9

• no clutter or throw rugs
• proper shoes
• sometimes pets
• no frayed cords or broken furniture

Question 10

How to promote stimulation/personalization

Answer 10

• encourage independence
• cherished furniture and decorations
• hang meaningful pictures.

Question 11

Eric Erickson: psychological developmental tasks

Answer 11

Old age: Integrity vs. Despair. When older adults accomplished integrity they experience gerotranscedence.

Question 12

Gerotranscedence

Answer 12

is being satisfied with the lives they have led and look forward to living a full life for the rest of their days. Commonly found in elderly who accomplish the Eric Erickson stage integrity vs Despair.

Question 13

Gerontological nursing refers to the nursing care of:

Answer 13

People age 65 and older.

Question 14

Older adults constitute what percent of the population?

Answer 14

12.3%

Question 15

systematic stereotyping of a discrimination against people simply because they are old. They may appear subtly, covertly, and even unconsciously.

Answer 15

ageism

Question 16

• Genetic factors: born with genetic program that predetermines life span.
• wear and tear: Body parts wear out as they age.
• nutrients: Quality of life depends on the persons nutritional intake over his or her life span.

Answer 16

Physiological theories of aging:

Question 17

Psychological theories of aging:

Answer 17

• developmental tasks: Eric Erickson defined eight developmental tasks for infant to old age. the task for old age is integrity vs. despair.
• subculture theory: old people have their own subculture with cultural norms and standards.
• Continuity theory: people change as they age, but their basic personality and behavioral patterns do not change.

Question 18

Essential facts about the normal aging process:

Answer 18

• normal aging and disease are separate entities.
• normal aging includes gains and losses and does not indicate decline.
• successful adaptation to the aging process is accomplished by most older adults.

Question 19

Age related changes to heart:

Answer 19

• weak heart muscle
• thicken valves
• SA node less conduction.

Question 20

Age related changes to blood vessels

Answer 20

• arteries less elastic
• increased hypertension

Question 21

Age related changes to blood

Answer 21

• less blood due to low bone marrow activity.

Question 22

Age related changes to respirator

Answer 22

-minimal change in lungs

Question 23

Age related changes to skeletal changes

Answer 23

• rib cage calcifies
• spine shortens
• stooped posture decreasing active lung space.

Question 24

Age related changes to bone structure

Answer 24

• less bone mass.
• compression of vertebral. reduce height.

Question 25

Age related changes to joints

Answer 25

- cartilage thins - limited ROM

Question 26

Age related changes to skin

Answer 26

- most easiest to notice. - loss of elasticity - thinning of skin - low subQ fat - age spots ( melanocytes cluster)

Question 27

Age related changes to oral cavity

Answer 27

- re absorption of bone in jaw may loosen teeth. - gag reflex weakens - smooth muscle weakness. delays stomach empty time.

Question 28

Age related changes to stomach and intestines:

Answer 28

- decreased gastric acid secretions - decreased peristalsis causing constipation.

Question 29

Age related changes to renal function and urinary:

Answer 29

- decreased renal blood flow causing clear urine - bladder shrinks. loss of muscle tone. - increased frequency

Question 30

Age related changes to sex organs:

Answer 30

man: increased prostate woman: decreased vaginal secretions

Question 31

Age related changes to brain

Answer 31

- loss of brain mass progressively

Question 32

Age related changes to movement

Answer 32

- impaired balance. - decreased reaction time

Question 33

Age related changes to sleep

Answer 33

- increased insomnia due to short cycles of REM.

Question 34

Age related changes to vision

Answer 34

- decreased ability to focus on close objects. - decreased night vision - decreased response to PERRLA - decreased tear production

Question 35

Age related changes to hearing

Answer 35

- decreased ability to hear high-frequency tones

Question 36

Age related changes to taste

Answer 36

- hard to taste salt, bitter, and sour. but can taste sugar just fine!

Question 37

Ethics

Answer 37

considers the value system of a person and the relationship of those values.

Question 38

Law

Answer 38

Rules and regulations that guide society. conflicts with value system.

Question 39

Nursing practice acts

Answer 39

state laws that tell the requirements for licensure and the limits of nursing practice.

Question 40

Negligence

Answer 40

failure to exercise adequate care

Question 41

malpractice

Answer 41

failure to do something that should have been done.

Question 42

Omission

Answer 42

when you omit something that is either ordered or expected as a normal part of treatment for a person.

Question 43

this act stopped routine use of restrains on the elderly. No use of double restraints and only short term use of restraints that requires a doctors order.

Answer 43

Omnibus reconciliation act or OBRA

Question 44

informed consent

Answer 44

A persons right to information before giving consent to treatment. needs to be a signature on the consent form before.

Question 45

legal document made and signed by a competent adult regarding life-sustaining issues and other concerns related to terminal care. Gives another person the responsibility to make terminal care decisions.

Answer 45

advanced directives

Question 46

Where is Elder abuse found on the globe the highest and who is most likely to cause elder abuse?

Answer 46

Increasing in the united states. most often by a close family member who is overwhelmed experience burnout.

Question 47

types of elderly abuse

Answer 47

- inflicting pain or injury - withholding food, money, medication, or care - physical or chemical restraint - theft or intentional mismanagement of assets. - sexual abuse - threatening to do any of the above.

Question 48

Why do we not bathe elderly daily?

Answer 48

low acting sweat glands. Too much bathing can cause skin break down.

Question 49

presbyopia

Answer 49

Farsightedness caused by aging

Question 50

presbycusis

Answer 50

Age-related hearing loss.

Question 51

What to provide to reduce the loss of bone mass?

Answer 51

increased calcium, Vitamin D, protein, and a safe environment.

Question 52

Most frequent chronic conditions found in elders is

Answer 52

arthritis, hypertension, heart conditions, hearing impairments, and dementia.

Question 53

treatment strategies

Answer 53

treating the symptoms and maximizing the strengths of an older person.

Question 54

Poor dietary habits contribute to

Answer 54

disease in older persons such as heart disease and cancer

Question 55

What is the benefit of exercising

Answer 55

slows progression of some diseases, helps establish social contracts and generally improves life.

Question 56

Roll breathing

Answer 56

helps develop full use of lungs with breathing exercises.