migration

Question 1

why is there not a definition for migrant

Answer 1

because there is no universally accepted definition, countries use their own criteria based on their own policies and leglistration

Question 2

how many migrants are there globally

Answer 2

281 million

Question 3

what is the popular terminology of who is a migrant

Answer 3

1. people who leave place of legal origin and cross international boundaries
2. migration is commonly represented as a slow and unidirectional process
3. they are diverse groups

Question 4

what is the difference between a migrant and a refugee

Answer 4

refugees are people fleeing armed conflict or persecution. Whereas a migrant chose to move not because of a direct threat but to improve their life.

Question 5

what are the 4 types of migration and describe what they are

Answer 5

economic: to find work or follow a particular career path
social: for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends
political: to escape political prosecution or war
environment: to escape natural diasters

Question 6

what is the difference between push and pull factors

Answer 6

a push factor is something negative that makes people want to move to a new area. A pull factor is something positive that attract people to move to a new place

Question 7

how are migrants health affected?

Answer 7

conditions of refugee camps, personal, physical and psychological conditions either pre-existing or acquired whilst travelling.

Question 8

what factors can hinder the health of a refugee or migrant

Answer 8

individual factors (age, sex…), lifestyle (socio-economic class), living conditions, working conditions, social and community factors, governance and socio-economic conditions

Question 9

what are the migratory phases

Answer 9

1. pre-migration phase
2. movement phase
3. arrival and integration phase
4. return phase

Question 10

what are indicators to measure migrants health

Answer 10

mortality, morbidity, health status, disability, nutrition, health system and health determinants

Question 11

what is the impact of cold weather on migrants health

Answer 11

hypothermia, frost bite, increase risk of fracture and severe bacterial and viral infections

Question 12

what is the impact of hot weather on migrants health

Answer 12

dehydration and exhaustion

life-threatening heat-stroke

Question 13

what is the healthy migrant paradox?

Answer 13

being a migrant has some positive health indicators:

• low mortality rate
• higher life expectancy
• lower incidence and mortality due to cancer
• lower prevalence of CVD

Question 14

what are the three ways populations change?

Answer 14

1. genetic drift
2. gene flow
3. natural selection

Question 15

what is gene flow

Answer 15

migration of genetical variation from a certain population to another. Process is significant in actualising diversity in a genetic pool

Question 16

what is genetic drift

Answer 16

the alteration of a specific allele because of the organisms random sampling

Question 17

name and describe the two mechanisms which cause genetic drift

Answer 17

1. bottle effect: when population has experienced a catastrophe. Traits allele decreases since many organisms carrying the trait have passed
2. founder effect: few members of a population leave this causes a significant shift of allele frequency depending on mating preferences within a new group

Question 18

what type of genetic change occurs in a large population

Answer 18

gene flow

Question 19

what is the reason for gene Floe

Answer 19

inbreeding

Question 20

what are the push factors for the syria crisis

Answer 20

• rising death rate due to war and unrest
• little direct aid
• concerned about children

Question 21

what are challenges faced by refugees

Answer 21

• conditions in refugee camps are poor
• conflict with the local people
• documentation or status is questioned

Question 22

what are challenges faced by the destination country

Answer 22

• Small illegal businesses
• The number of children in the workplace has grown.
• The amount of crime has increased in places where refugees are located.
• There have been small but significant changes to local cultures, lifestyle and language.
• Some poor urban areas are experiencing waves of over-crowding.

Question 23

how can you prevent communicable diseases

Answer 23

access to Sanitary facilities, sufficient amounts of safe drinking water, provision of immunisation, surveillance