what are the 2 scales of migration ?
- national scale e.g rural to urban migration
2. international scale e.g the EU, outsourcing
what is London’s melting pot ?
due to deregulation. open borders and FDI there is diverse population in London. 65% of babies born in London last year’s parents where born outside the UK.
What is the EU Schengen agreement ?
a treaty which led to EU countries internal border checks being practically abolished. This allows free movement of EU nationals.
what are the examples of globalisation in the English premier league ?
- in 2015 only 33% of players where English compared to 22 years ago when it was 69%
- large increases in African players with 17 of the 20 clubs having African players. This leads to a muscle drain back home
- bringing more money to the game with recent BT and Sky TV deals worth around £5bn
what are some of the reasons for variations in the immigrant populations worldwide
- some countries have a more open door policy to tourism and trade fro example the UAE and Qatar which are both trade hubs
- trade blocs between countries such as the EU can mean increased migration for example around 10% of pop migrants in the EU countries
- developing countries are less globalised and have more internal migration
how has internal migration effected China ?
there has been a huge increase in rural urban migration due to the global shift in manufacturing jobs to China. Due to communist regulations rural urban migrants need permission go move.
What is an example of a country with a closed door policy to migration ?
Japan has a problem due to an ageing population but a lack of will to accept migration. The working population is expected to half by 2037 however Japan only have 1.7% migrants. This shows how their closed policy is causing major issue to the country and only 1 in 7 people there want to accept more immigration
how has migration helped counter the ageing population of Australia ?
70% of their migrants are accepted based on skills and so they aren’t an economic burden contributing 10% of Australian capita per year. This reduces pressure on social care and health care.
what are the 4 types of migrant ?
- voluntary migrant- chooses to migrate
- asylum seeker- someone who has left their home country as a refugee and is seeking refugee status in another country
- economic migrant- migrating for increased standards of living
- refugee- been forced to leave their home country to escape war, persecution etc.
What is a major reason for migrants moving to Leicester ?
to follow a diaspora. For example there is strong Indian community there and so Indian migrants would feel more at home
What are the reasons for migrants crossing the Mediterranean sea to Europe ?
- half are Syrian refugees trying to escape conflict back home
- Somalian migrants leaving due to poverty and famine back home
- Some such as from Egypt leave simply for hopes of a better life and better income in Europe
How have migrants crossed the Mediterranean ?
they pay to travel on dangerous boats across the sea. 5,000 have died last year from drowning across the sea. Many Syrian migrants are travelling through Turkey as well.
what are some of the reasons for the different migrant groups in Germany ?
- they have accepted refugees from different conflicts for example 167,000 Vietnamese and 600,000 Syrians
- millions of Russians who moved there after the collapse of the USSR
- from the 50’s to 60’s millions of Turks where encouraged to move there to fill labour gaps
what is Liberalism ?
a theory of globalisation based on economic freedom
What is neo-liberalism?
a more advanced view of liberalism where along with economic flows flows of people can lead to greater capital and globalisation.
what is national identity ?
the sense of a nation as a whole represented by certain characteristics
How has national identity possibly fuelled hostility to migration ?
Some have seen migration as a threat to their national identity and this is highlighted by the recent Brexit vote
what are some of the social consequences of migration ?
- high inward migration can lead to rising house prices e.g London
- large outwards migration leads to a brain/ muscle drain and ageing populations
- poverty and violence can be a result of this e.g Mexico city
How has migration from Mexico to the the USA effected both countries ?
there has been an increased hostility to immigration in the US with 40% of the population thinking they are a burden. In addition to this the migration has meant a loss of culture back home in Mexico.
what are the reasons for internal migration in the USA ?
- many retirees move to the ‘sunbelt’ states such as Florida and Texas
- the old manufacturing heartland now called the ‘rust belt’ states in the North East have seen large outwards migration
what factors might slow down assimilation of migrants in to a country ?
If they live in isolated communities as there might be significant differences for example religion, culture etc. This can lead to an us and them mentality
why is assimilation less likely in the UAE ?
- the Emiratis work in govt. jobs which are normally separate from the TNC jobs that migrants work in
- white Europeans, Arabs and South Asians all have very different cultures for example religious differences
