History > Migration-industrial > Flashcards

Migration-industrial Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What time period was industrial and what groups?

A

1700 -1900
Industrial Asian
Industrial African
Irish
German
Italian
Eastern European, Jews

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2
Q

What is some context of industrial period?

A

. Industrial revolution, factories, powered by coal provided jobs helped economy and grew urban areas.
. New technology like the steam engine provided new forms of transport e.g. steamship steam train.
. The British empire continue to grow, included West Indies, India and part of Africa.
. Parliament became more democratic as middle-class and working-class men cut the vote and restrictions on religious minorities were removed e.g. 1829, catholic emancipation act

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3
Q

What was the cause of Irish migration to England? (religious discrimination)

A

. Most Irish people are Catholics Protestant, minority controlled land and wealth, Irish Catholic faced, high rent,, and poor job opportunities- push factor

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4
Q

What was the cause of Irish migrations to move to England? (politics.)

A

. 1800 act of union, made Ireland, part of UK.
. 1829 Catholic emancipation act allowed Catholics to vote and be MPs
. Give Irish Catholics full equal rights to Protestants in England.
Pull factor

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5
Q

What was the cause of the Irish to move to England? (work/eonomic)

A

. Ireland only had 1 industrial city (Belfast)
. Few good jobs available
. Weaving jobs, dying out.
. England had industrialised more and had factories.-many job and business opportunities

Push/pull factor

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6
Q

What was the Irish calls to move to England? (potato, famine)

A

. Potatoes were the main food source in Ireland.
. 1845 blight killed 1/3 crops
. 1846 blight kills entire crops.
. British government kept selling other Irish crops abroad.
. 1 million die
. 2 million migrate
Push factor

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7
Q

What was the Irish migrant experience in England? (Economic)

A

. Poor job opportunities.
. Work as Navvies building roads, railways and canals
. Work was low paid and dangerous
. Many join the army, 55,000 Irish soldiers

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8
Q

what was the Irish migrant experience in England? (housing)

A

. Poor living conditions.
. Lived in large urban areas, e.g. Liverpool, London
. Conditions were dirty, overcrowded and disease spread easily e.g. cholera, typhoid

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9
Q

What was the experience of the Irish migrants in England? (Hate and negative attitudes.)

A

. Political conflict between England and Ireland had created anti Irish hate.
. Extreme Irish nationalists (or fenians) used violence to try and achieve their aims which worsened anti Irish hate
. Irish stereotyped as dangerous or a burden.
. Murphy riots took place in Birmingham 1867.-Irish people, homes and businesses were attacked after speeches by William Murphy (anti-Catholic protester)

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10
Q

What was Irish political impact in England.

A

.feargus o’connor- chartist + Mp- protested for working class, rights
Set up, Radical newspaper the northern star

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11
Q

What was the pull factors for the Irish migrants to Liverpool?

A

. Close to Ireland.
. Links to USA
. Job opportunities, e.g. cotton trade
. 1851.-83,000 20% of population was irish

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12
Q

What were the Irish experience in Liverpool? (Conditions)

A

Negative
. Overcrowded, poor housing.
. Disease outbreaks, e.g. typhus

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13
Q

What was the Irish experience in Liverpool? (attitudes)

A

. Seeing as lazy and burden
. Seen as dangerous and criminal
. 1850 over 1/2 brought to court accused of crimes were Irish

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14
Q

What was the Irish experience in Liverpool? (Jobs)

A

. Poor jobs
. 80% of men were manual labourers
.”navvies” building docks
.”lumpers” unloading goods.
. Hard for women to find work.
. 80% of women were maids

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15
Q

Who was j.p o’connor

A

MP for Liverpool for 45 years
Positive experience plus impact

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16
Q

Who was Samuel Robert graves?

A

Mayor of Liverpool in the 1860s
Positive experience plus impact

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17
Q

Who was Robert cain?

A

. Setup brewery and own 200 pubs. One of Britain’s richest men son became a baron in the House of Lords.
Positive experience plus impact

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18
Q

What was some impacts of Irish migrants in Liverpool?

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A

. Built docks and some did skilled work, e.g. ship repair.
. Open businesses, e.g. butchers, bankers, tailors grocers pubs e.g. shenanigans

19
Q

Who was kitty Wilkinson

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A

“ the saint of the slums”
Campaign for public health
Social impact

20
Q

What are example of social impacts of Irish migrants in Liverpool?

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A

. Scouse accent influence by Irish accent
. The Beatles-Lennon and McCartney descended from Irish migrants.

21
Q

What t was African cause to Liverpool?

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A

Trade
. African migrants came from West Africa as sailors for shipping companies, trading palm oil

22
Q

What was African experience in Liverpool?.

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A

. Worse wages and conditions
. Racist attitudes

23
Q

What was African impact in Liverpool?

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A

Economic
Shipping and trade (palm oil)

24
Q

What was in the end cause to Liverpool?

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A

Trade
Indian migrants came as sailors on steam ships

25
What was Indian migrants experience in Liverpool?
Mixed Worse wages and conditions Acceptance -intermarriage Religious freedom -mosque open 1890
26
What was the Indian impact on Liverpool?
Economic . Shipping and trade . Some run businesses, e.g. meer jan’s lodging house
27
What was Chinese migrants cause to come to Liverpool?
Chinese migrants came as the silk cotton and tea trade group Trade
28
What was the Chinese migrant experience in Liverpool?
They had a positive reputation . Seen as hard-working and sober.
29
What was the Chinese migrants impact on Liverpool?
Economic Shipping and trade (silk, etc) Oldest Chinatown in Europe? Chinese shops and Cafes grew
30
Who was John Archer
Political impact Father -Barbados Mother -Ireland Born in Liverpool moved to London and became mayor of Battersea Britain’s first black elected politician
31
What was African migrants cause to come to Britain?
. Forced migration by 1750 Britain was the largest slave trading nation. . 3 million Africans forcibly transported from west Africa to North America. . From there, some were freed and some escaped . Came to Britain, where enslavement was not legal within the country and they could be protected.
32
What was Africans experience in England?
By 1800 15,000, Africans were living in England . Experience varied according to class job and wealth. . Dido Elizabeth Belle-upper-class gentlewoman .ignatius sancho-wealthy, businessman and composer-qualified to be able to vote . James Somerset-escape from enslavement in Britain. In 1772 he went to court to prevent being re-enslaved. The Somerset case confirmed former slaves were free on arrival in Britain. However, many black people live in poverty. A committee for the relief of Black poor had to be set up to help them.
33
What was the political impact of African migrants in Britain?
Abolition, 1807/1833 Ignatius sancho-wrote letters an article is about his experiences of enslavement Olaudah Equiano -enslaved as a child, and bought his freedom as an adult. Moved to London, and joined an abolitionist group called the Sons of Africa, wrote an autobiography of his life and the horrors of enslavement. William cuffay. Chartist leader campaign for the rights of the working-class.
34
What was iAsian migration cause?
.Trade-Lascars and ayahs continued to migrate as a result of trade by the East India Company . Empire-India officially became part of the British empire, Indian princes who lost their land, moved to London. . War with and colonisation of parts of China, increased Chinese migration. . Indian students came to study a British universities, especially law , Industrialisation -the steamship and the building of the suez canal made the journey easier
35
What was the experience of Asian migration?
. Lascars struggled to find work and ended up unemployed or doing poorly paid manual labour . Many ayahs were abandoned on arrival in Britain and ended up living in poverty. . There were charity set up to help Indians in poverty. E.g. Ayahs home . Liverpool had strong Asian communities
36
What was Asian migration impact?
. Economic.-Manual labour contributed to important building projects e.g. Manchester ship canal . Some Asian migrants were able to build successful businesses, e.g. in Liverpool. . Political.-Elections of the first Indian MPs in the 1890s. Dadabhai naoroji snd mancherjee bhownaggree
37
What is German migration cause?
. Political freedom.-political thinkers would be able to express their views with less fear, e.g. karl marx . New monarch.-George I and George II were both kings of England that had been born and grown up in Germany. They brought many Germans with them to England.
38
What was Italian migration cause?
Disease-typhus and cholera had broken out in Italy Failed agriculture -farming problems had left many in Italy, jobless and in poverty
39
What was the common causes of German and Italian migration?
. Avoiding war and conflict.-both Germany and Italy were going through unification, and in both this had led to wars between states . Industrial revolution and economic opportunity.-Britain had industrialised before both countries mean in Britain had more job and business opportunities
40
What was German experience?
. Generally accepted. . Where the variety of jobs and businesses
41
What was Italian experience?
. Some successful businesses, but many struggle find work and did low-paid jobs, e.g. Manual labour,Street musicians . Had separate communities, e.g. Little, Italy . Negative attitude, e.g. The Times newspaper “-vermin”
42
What was German impact?
Political impact-Communist manifesto-marx and engels, reuters News agency-Paul reuters Economic impact-general electric-Hugo Hurst, Schweppes lemonade-Johannes Schweppe Social and cultural impact-full English breakfast, classic music-handel
43
What was Italian impact?
Economic impact-ice cream businesses, e.g. Carlo Gatti Social and cultural impact -arts, e.g. Dante Rosetti, Pre-Raphaelite Literature, e.g. Christina Rosetti , poet
44
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