Milestones

Question 1

What are the normal vital signs for a newborn?

Answer 1

• HR 120-160
• RR 30-60 breaths per min
• BP 85/45

Question 2

What are the normal vital signs for a 1 year old?

Answer 2

• HR 90-130
• RR 20-40 breaths per min
• BP 90/55

Question 3

What are the normal vital signs for a toddler?

Answer 3

• HR 80-120
• RR 20-30 breaths per min
• BP 90/55

Question 4

What are the normal vital signs for a preschooler?

Answer 4

• HR 70-110
• RR 16-22 breaths per min
• BP 90/55

Question 5

What are the normal vital signs for a school-aged child?

Answer 5

• HR 60-100
• RR 18-20 breaths per min
• BP 105/56

Question 6

What are the normal vital signs for an adolescent?

Answer 6

• HR 55-90
• RR 12-20 breaths per min
• BP 120/70

Question 7

At what age can a baby be started on solid foods?

Answer 7

Between 4 - 6 months.

Examples: mushy rice cereal, fruits and vegetables.

Question 8

At what age can whole milk or honey be given?

Answer 8

After the child turns 1 year old.

Milk doesn’t have the correct nutrients before 1 year old.
There is a risk of botulism with honey before 1 year old.

Question 9

What foods are prohibited before 3 years old?

Answer 9

No small or hard foods before 3 years old due to risk of choking.

Question 10

At what age does the birth weight double?

Answer 10

At 5 - 6 months.

Question 11

At what age does the baby’s birth weight typically triple?

Answer 11

At 12 months.

Question 12

When does separation anxiety begin, peak, and start to end for babies?

Answer 12

• starts at 6 months
• peaks at 10 - 18 months
• starts to decrease by 2 - 4 years old

Allow parents to stay at hospital as much as they’d like.

Question 13

What is object permanence?

Answer 13

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or perceived.

Question 14

At what age does object permanence begin?

Answer 14

At 8 - 9 months.

Before 8 months, if an object is covered, the baby thinks the object doesn’t exist.

Question 15

What is the best toy for an infant?

Answer 15

A musical or visual mobile.

Question 16

What age is appropriate for toys such as rattles, stuffed animals or a large picture book?

Answer 16

3 - 6 months old

Discourage stuffed animals in the hospital due to risk of infection.

Question 17

At what age is it appropriate to play peek-a-boo, and play with large plastic rings or a ball?

Answer 17

6 - 9 months old

Question 18

At what age do children start to build with blocks?

Answer 18

9 - 12 months old

Question 19

What do 1 - 3 year olds like to play with?

Answer 19

Wagon, push-pull toy or a large ball.

Question 20

What is parallel play?

Answer 20

When children play next to each other, but not with each other.

It occurs at age 1 - 3 years old.

Question 21

What do 3 - 6 year olds like to play with?

Answer 21

“Imaginative play”.

Dress-up, puppets, playdoh, large trucks, coloring books/crayons, chalk, large puzzles, dancing, jumping, swinging.

Question 22

What is cooperative play?

Answer 22

Playing with others.

It starts at around age 3.

Question 23

How do 6 - 12 year olds like to play?

Answer 23

• collect things like cards or rocks
• very creative and like to build
• competitive with winners and losers

Question 24

What do 12 - 20 year olds like to do?

Answer 24

They like to be with their friends and develop independence.

Question 25

What **age** can **toilet training start**?

Answer 25

At 1 - 3 years old. ## Footnote Children usually don't become fully toilet trained until 5 - 6 years old.

Question 26

When is a child **ready** to start toilet training?

Answer 26

* understands why they need to use the toilet * has good sphincter control * walks well * can pull pants up and down

Question 27

What is the average **age** for the **start of menstruation**?

Answer 27

**12 ½ years old.**

Question 28

Why do **adolescents** need extra sleep?

Answer 28

There are **growth spurts** during adolescence so they sleep a lot.

Question 29

What are **adolescents at** **higher risk** for?

Answer 29

Accidents and getting sexually transmitted diseases due to **risk-taking behavior**. ## Footnote Teach to be safe by using seat belts, helmets, and contraceptives; and to stay away from drugs and alcohol.

Question 30

What is **therapeutic play**?

Answer 30

Used with children **to help them feel in control, release tension, and to understand the situation**. ## Footnote Example: Playing with puppets to understand what to expect when having a surgery.

Question 31

What is **regression** in regards to children?

Answer 31

When the child **reverts to an earlier development stage** in order to cope with a medical problem. ## Footnote Example: A school-aged child starts bedwetting or playing with baby toys.

Question 32

What are some **home safety interventions** for toddlers?

Answer 32

Childproof the home due to toddlers becoming mobile: * cover electrical outlets * use gates on stairs * pad corners * locks on toilet lids and cupboards * medicines/poisons are put on high shelves or in locked cabinets * hot water heater set a < 120 F (49 °C) * no hot liquids within reach * turn handles in on stoves

Question 33

How much **sleep** does a **neonate** need daily?

Answer 33

**14-17 hours** a day.

Question 34

How much **sleep** does an **infant** need daily?

Answer 34

**12-16 hours** a day.

Question 35

How much **sleep** does a **toddler** need daily?

Answer 35

**11-14 hours** a day.

Question 36

How much **sleep** does a **preschooler** need daily?

Answer 36

**10-13 hours** a day.

Question 37

How much **sleep** does a **school-aged child** need daily?

Answer 37

**9-12 hours** a day.

Question 38

How much **sleep** does an **adolescent** need daily?

Answer 38

**8-10 hours** a day.

Question 39

How much **sleep** does an **adult** need daily?

Answer 39

**7-9 hours** a day.

Question 40

How should the nurse **respond** to a dying child that is asking about **death**?

Answer 40

* explain the **reasons for death** * encourage the child **to talk about the death** * provide explicit **permission to die**

Question 41

At what age can a baby attempt to hold their head up and gaze into their primary caretaker's face?

Answer 41

1 month old

Question 42

At what age can a baby gain head control, hold a rattle, make cooing sounds, smile and recognize faces?

Answer 42

2 - 3 months old

Question 43

At what age can a baby switch objects from hand to hand, roll over, put things in mouth, laugh and can be calmed by a parent's voice?

Answer 43

4 - 5 months old

Question 44

At what age can a baby wave bye-bye, the first teeth come in and starts to develop separation anxiety and a fear of stranger?

Answer 44

6 - 7 months old

Question 45

At what age can a baby sit without support, stand up straight, crawl, use a crude pincer grasp and develop object permanence?

Answer 45

8 - 9 months old

Question 46

At what age can a baby go from prone to sitting, walk while holding on to furniture and say 3-5 words?

Answer 46

10 -11 months old

Question 47

At what age can a child walk alone, crawl up stairs, and make a tower of 2 blocks?

Answer 47

14 - 15 months old

Question 48

At what age can a child turn the pages of a book?

Answer 48

2 years old

Question 49

At what age can a child skip, hop, jump on one foot and put their own clothes on?

Answer 49

3 - 4 years old

Question 50

At what age can a child drink from a cup, take a few steps without falling, use a 2-finger pincher grasp and obey simple commands?

Answer 50

12 - 13 months old

Question 50

What is used to track height and weight of a child?

Answer 50

Growth chart