Milgram

Question 1

OG milgram sample

Answer 1

• 40 volunteers
• didn’t know aim of experiment
• White males
• aged 20 - 50

Question 2

OG milgram procedure

Answer 2

• confederate dress in lab coat to be authority figure
• other confederate was the “learner” who received faked shocks from volunteer the “teacher”
• Every wrong answer given, the volunteer was ordered to give electric shocks to learner
• evert wrong answer the shock level increased
• if teacher hesitated the authority figure would give prods like “please continue”/ “the experiment required you to continue”

Question 3

OG milgram results

Answer 3

• Everyone went to 300 volts
• 65% went the the max of 450 volts
• only 5 objected at 300volts

Question 4

What was Milgram variation 5?

Answer 4

EMPATHY VARIATION

Question 5

Procedure and results of variation 5

Answer 5

• at 150 volts, Mr Wallace, the learner, complained of chest pain
• more participants dropped out at 150v
• participants who went passed 150 were past the point of return so carried on to 450v

Question 6

What was Milgram variation 7?

Answer 6

ABSENT AUTHORITY

Question 7

Procedure and results of variation 7

Answer 7

• experimenter gave instructions to volunteer then left the room
• if in doubt, they would phone the experimenter where they would then give prods
• only 22.5% (9 volunteers) went to 450V
• some gave lower shocks than they were told to
• physical presence of authority figure is key for obedience

Question 8

What was Milgram variation 10

Answer 8

INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT

Question 9

Procedure and results of variation 10

Answer 9

• moved the experiential from Yale uni to a run down office
• Experimenter claims to work for a private research firm
• 45.5% obeyed to 450v
• participants showed more doubt and asked more questions
• however, setting is not as important that status or presence of authority figure

Question 10

What was variation 13?

Answer 10

ORDINARY AUTHORITY FIGURE BUT WITH A 2ND CONFEDERATE

Question 11

Prodecure and results of variation 13?

Answer 11

• experimenter explains experiment but doesn’t say to increase shock level then leaves
• 2nd confederate with volunteer and suggests that they should increase the voltage by 150v
• Only 4 (20%) out of 20 obeyed and went to 450v

Question 12

What was variation 13a?

Answer 12

REBEL PARTICIPANTS/ SWAPPING OF ROLES

Question 13

Procedure and results of variation 13a?

Answer 13

• 16 rebel participants from variation 13
• Confederate suggest swapping places so that the participants just had to record time and observe
• all 16 protested
• 5 tried to pull the plug or restrain the confederate physically
• 11 allowed confederate to go to 450v
• shows that people are more willing to be a bystander than to prevent the abuse of authority (diffusion of responsibility)