Milk

Question 1

Milk nutrients

Answer 1

HBP, calcium, fat, carbohydrates from lactose, vitamins A D C, minerals

Question 2

What is the water content in milk

Answer 2

85%

Question 3

What is the primary process of milk

Answer 3

The milking and heat treating.

Question 4

What is the secondary process

Answer 4

Making the treated milk into cream, cheese, yogurt.

Question 5

Where does milk come from

Answer 5

All Female mammals after giving birth to a calve

Question 6

What animals produce milk

Answer 6

Cows, goats, buffalo, camels, sheep

Question 7

How often are cows milked

Answer 7

Twice a day- morning and evening

Question 8

How long do cows produce milk

Answer 8

3 years and then slaughtered

Question 9

Average litres per day per cow

Answer 9

20 litres

Question 10

What disease can cattle have

Answer 10

Tuberculosis

Question 11

Where is milk stored

Answer 11

Holding tanks

Question 12

Types of milk and fat content

Answer 12

Whole - blue ( 3.9%),semi skinned - green (1.7%), skimmed- red(0-0.5%), channel island- gold (5.1%)

Others= 1% milk, Filtered milk

Question 13

How can the fat content of fat milk be adjusted.

Answer 13

Fat can be removed or reduced in the process

Question 14

How to do Pasteurisation

Answer 14

Heat to 75 for 25 seconds then cool rapidly till 5

Question 15

What does milk have to be heat treated

Answer 15

To destroy pathogenic bacteria and for safety for consumption

Question 16

Does pasteurisation effect the milk

Answer 16

Other than killing bacteria the flavour stays the same, and the left life extends.

Question 17

How to prevent the cream layer of milk

Answer 17

Homogenisation can ensure a uniform consistency in the whole milk, to prevent separation.

Question 17

What happens after pasteurisation

Answer 17

The milk is safely sealed to maintain the purity.

Question 18

Sterilisation of milk

Answer 18

Destroys all bacteria, heated to 50 and then heated to 110-130 for 10-30 minutes

Question 19

How does sterilisation effect the milk

Answer 19

Alter flavour and colour, slightly reduce water soluble vitamins b and c, can be kept for up to 6 months.

Question 20

How long should you drink milk when opened

Answer 20

5days

Question 21

What is Ultra Heat Treated Milk

Answer 21

Process where fresh milk is heated to 135 for 1-2 seconds, cooled then sealed into TETRA-PACK packing

Question 22

Where and how long can ultra heat treated milk be stored for

Answer 22

Stored unopened in fridge or cupboard, for 6 months

Question 23

4 uses of milk

Answer 23

Enriching (adds nutrition),
Binding dry ingredients,
Moisture and consistency (makes sauces runnier),
Creaminess.

Question 24

What is Condensed milk

Answer 24

Heated to 110-115 for 1min, then homogenisation, sugar added, evaporated at 55-60 , cooled to 39 then canned.

Question 25

What is evaporated milk

Answer 25

50% of milk is evaporated, then homogenised, poured into cans, cans are heated to 115-120.

Question 26

Changes in evaporated milk

Answer 26

Caramel flavour, richer colour, higher sugar level and fat content.

Question 27

Storage of evaporated milk

Answer 27

Unopened in the cupboard for 12 months, in the fridge when opened

Question 28

What is evaporated milk used for

Answer 28

Purée over deserts, making tarts au chocolat, added to coffee

Question 29

Changes in Condensed milk

Answer 29

Very thick and sweet , syrupy consistency

Question 30

Storage of condensed milk

Answer 30

Unopened for 12 months

Question 31

Uses of condensed milk

Answer 31

Toffe, caramel, fudge, tarts, millionaire shortbread. Substitute for fresh milk in other countries.

Question 32

What is dried milk

Answer 32

Evaporated water in milk, pasteurisation, homogenising, put in a chamber filled with hot air.

Question 33

Change in dried milk

Answer 33

Dense fine dried powder

Question 34

Storage of died milk

Answer 34

Airtight container, 12 months,