Human nutrition > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

(39 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A

Calcium

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2
Q

What percentage of calcium is absorbed from diet?

A

25-35%

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3
Q

What increases calcium absorption?

A

Vitamin D

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4
Q

What are dietary sources of calcium?

A
  • Dairy products
  • Leafy greens
  • Bread with fortified flour
  • Bony fish
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5
Q

What is the RNI for calcium?

A

700mg/day

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6
Q

What is the deficiency of calcium?

A

Hypocalcaemia

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7
Q

What is calcium used for in the body?

A
  • Structural function - Bones and teeth (99%)
  • Muscle contraction, nerve function, hormone release, cell signalling, cell division, release of enzymes, blood clotting, metabolic function (1%)
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8
Q

What can identify calcium deficiency?

A

Dexa scan (Bone density scan)

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9
Q

What is the function of zinc in the body?

A
  • Wound healing
  • Gene transcription
  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • Sexual maturation
  • Taste perception
  • Growth and repair
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10
Q

What are the dietary sources?

A
  • Meat
  • Shellfish
  • Dairy food
  • Bread
  • Cereals
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11
Q

What is the RNI for zinc?

A

9.5mg/day - men

7mg/day - women

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12
Q

Where is zinc found in the body?

A

Enzymes and proteins

  • Skeletal muscle (60%)
  • Bone (30%)
  • Plasma (0.1%)
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13
Q

Where is iron stored/ found?

A
  • Bone marrow and red blood cells (75%)

- Liver (25%)

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14
Q

What is the deficiency of iron?

And what are the symptoms?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

  • Extreme fatigue
  • Pale skin
  • Headaches
  • Weakness
  • Palpitations
  • Shortness of breath
  • Light headedness
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15
Q

What is the deficiency of potassium?

And what are the symptoms?

A

Hypokalaemia

  • Muscle cramps and aches
  • Palpitations
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Bloating
  • Constipation
  • Tingling/ numbness
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16
Q

What is the deficiency of iodine?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cretinism/ Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome

  • Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
  • Weight gain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Increased heart rate
17
Q

What are some dietary sources of potassium?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Bananas
  • Beans
  • Pulses
  • Fish
  • Meat
  • Some veg
18
Q

What are some dietary sources of iodine?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fish
  • Shellfish
  • Cereal
  • Grains
19
Q

What are some dietary sources of iron?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Liver
  • Red meat
  • Beans
  • Nuts
  • Dried fruit
  • Fortified cereals
  • Soy bean flour
20
Q

What are the water soluble minerals?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Iron
  • Iodine
  • Copper
  • Manganese chloride
  • Carbon disulfide (Phosphorus)
  • Zinc chloride
  • Folate
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Pantothenic acid
21
Q

What is the function of selenium in the body?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Thyroxine production
  • Antioxidant - protect against cancers
  • At protein and enzyme active site - range of function due to the proteins and enzymes
22
Q

What are dietary sources of selenium?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Brazil nuts
  • Fish
  • Meat
  • Eggs
23
Q

Where is sodium found in the body?

Study These Flashcards
A

Extracellular fluid

24
Q

Where is potassium found in the body?

Study These Flashcards
A

Intracellular fluid

25
What are the functions of sodium and potassium?
Maintain electrochemical gradients in the body
26
What is iron transported in?
Transferrin
27
Why must you be careful when supplementing iron?
No excretory route
28
What is the difference between haem iron and non-heam iron?
Haem iron is from animal products and more readily absorbed. | Non-haem iron is from cereals, grains and leafy green veg and is less well absorbed.
29
What helps iron be more soluble?
Vitamin C | Iron is reduced from Fe3+ to Fe2+
30
How is iron lost?
- Blood (main way) | - Sweat, skin and urine (Very small amount)
31
What helps to increase iron absorption?
- Ascorbic acid - Meat - Vitamin A B-carotene - Organic acids - Seafodd
32
What reduces iron absorption?
- Phenolic compounds (Tea, coffee, cocoa, oregano) - Phytates (Cereals, seeds, nuts) - Calcium
33
What is the function of iodine in the body?
- Growth - Metabolism regulation - Brain development
34
What mineral is an essential component of thyroid hormones?
Iodine
35
What is goiter?
Enlarged thyroid gland due to decreased produced of T3 and T4 hormones - Iodine deficiency
36
What have some countries done to help with iodine deficiency prevention?
Iodised salt
37
What is the RNI for iron?
Men - 8.7mg/day Women (19-60) - 14.8mg/day Women (50+) - 8.7mg/day
38
What is the RNI for iodine
140ug/day
39
What are some dietary sources of retinol?
- Liver - Meat - Full fat dairy - Eggs - Fish liver oil
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