1
Q
Definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
A
Non typical clinical signs - The suspected of being infected animals have fever - Were in contact with animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax within 20 days before the confirmation.
Consumed feedstuffs or water of the same origin as feedstuffs or water of animal dies of diseased in or suspicious to anthrax
Grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination (carried out min. 2 weeks and max. 6 months before)
2
Q
Definition of animals diseased with anthrax
A
- Typical clinical signs
Characteristic lesions in the organs (om, meat, inspection)
Laboratory findings
3
Q
Official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax
A
- Official surveillance: Separation (3 groups):
o Diseased and suspected of being diseased
o Suspected of being infected
o Other susceptible animals - Diseased and suspected of being diseased:
o Immediate obligatory treatment
o Change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no grazing
4
Q
Official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
A
- Vaccination, 14 days observation
- Cattle, horse: taking the temperature every day - Sheep, goats, pigs: daily observation
- In case of fever or clinical signs: treatment (these animals are considered assuspected of being diseased)
5
Q
Rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion
A
- 1g of tissue from an unruptured or recently ruptured vesicle. Epithelium samples
should be placed in a transport medium which maintains a pH of 7.2-7.4. Samples should be kept at 4 0C - Esophageal-pharyngeal fluid collected by means of a probang cup (a special device for collecting cells from the wall of the upper part of the esophagus)
6
Q
Rules of recovery of foot-and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been
used:
A
- The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance
zones have been effective and may be lifted and - At least three months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak
7
Q
Definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd
A
- No clinical signs (for minimum 12 months)
- No vaccination (for min 3 years)
- All animals over 12 months:
o Two serological tests (6-12 m interval) - Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested within 30 days
- Regular testing (every year)
- General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, separate calving, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)
8
Q
Definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test
A
If clinical signs are observed or there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness
of the fold of skin at injection site
9
Q
Definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test
A
If only limited swelling is observed, with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the
thickness of the fold of skin without clinical signs such as diffuse or extensive edema,
exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes
10
Q
Definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A
A positive bovine reaction which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction,
or the presence of clinical signs
11
Q
Definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A
A negative bovine reaction, or a positive or inconclusive bovine reaction but which is
equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of
clinical signs in both cases
12
Q
Definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd
A
- No clinical signs (min. 12 months) - All animals over 6 weeks: two serological intradermal tuberculin tests
- 1st: 6 months after removal of infected animals,
- 2nd: 6-12 months later
- Animals introduced: from officially free herds or tested (within 30 days)
- Meat inspection, lesions: compulsory investigation
- (Two) yearly tuberculin testing of all animals over 12 months
- General measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory
examinations, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)
13
Q
Definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd
A
- There is no evidence, either clinical or as a result of a laboratory test, of any case of enzootic bovine leukosis in the herd and no such case has been confirmed in the previous 24 months; and
- All animals over 24 months of age have reacted negatively during the preceding 12 months to two tests carried out at an interval of at least 4 months; and
- Any animals introduced into the herd
- Come from an officially enzootic bovine-leukosis-free herd or
- Originate from establishments where there has been no evidence of EBL within the
24 months prior to their dispatch; and
o All animals over 24 months of age reacted negatively to a test on two occasions
at an interval of not less than 4 months while kept in isolation; or have been
subjected to a serological test, with a negative result, within 30 days prior to
their introduction
o All animals less than 24 months of age were born to dams, that have been subjected to a serological test for EBL, with negative results, carried out on
samples taken during the past 12 months on two occasions at an interval of not less than 4 months
- All germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from establishments free from EBL; or from an approved germinal product establishment
14
Q
Definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd
A
- systematic use of BoHV-1-gE-negative marker vaccine
- all animals over 6 months of age are tested 2x (interval 2-12 months): discriminative
ELISA - All animals over 6 months of age: tested in every 12 months
- Animals for slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
- Dairy herd: milk test in every 6 months
- Aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion
- Only animals originating from free herds are introduced (test: 2x, 21 days interval)
15
Q
Maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd
A
- All animals over 6 months of age: tested in every 12 months
- Animals for slaughter: test before transport for slaughter
- Dairy herd: milk test in every 6 months
- Aborted animals: test 3-6 weeks after abortion
- Only animals originating from free herds are introduced (test: 2x, 21 days interval)
16
Q
Definition of specified risk material in bovine animals
A
- the skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eyes, and the spinal cord of animals aged over 12months
- The vertebral column excluding the vertebra of the tail, the transverse processes of
the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae and the wings of the sacrum, but including dorsal
root ganglia, and spinal cord of animals aged over 30 months - The tonsils and the last four meters of the small intestines, the cecum and the
mesentery of animals of all ages
17
Q
Definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals
A
-The skull including the brain and eyes, the tonsils, the spinal cord of animals aged
over 12 months, or which have a permanent incisor erupted through the gum, and
- The spleen and ileum of animals of all ages
18
Q
Definition of “cohort” in case of confirmation of BSE
A
- Means a group of bovine animals which were either born in the same herd as, and
within 12 months preceding or following the birth of, the affected cattle or reared together with the affected animal at any time during the first year of their life and which may have consumed the same feed as that which the affected animal consumed during the first year of its life
19
Q
Official measure in case of confirmation of African swine fever on a holding
A
- All the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses processed
- All contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste must be destroyed,
processed, or treated - Cleaning and disinfection of all premises, vehicles, and equipment under official
supervision - Meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of
disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever possible be
traced and processed under official supervision - Protection zone (restricted zone I.): a radius of at least 3 km
- Lifting restrictions: serological survey: min 15 days
- Surveillance zone (restricted zone II.): a radius of at least 10 km
- Lifting restrictions: serological survey: min 30 days
- further restricted zone III.
- census of all the holdings
- ban on the movement and transport of pigs
- movement restrictions: products, persons, vehicles etc
- no markets, fairs etc - strict cleaning, disinfection, disinsectisation
20
Q
Official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever on a holding
A
- All the pigs on the holding are killed and their carcasses rendered
- Any material (meat, sperm, ova) or waste likely to be contaminated is destroyed,
rendered, or processed - Cleaning and disinfection under official supervision
- meat of pigs slaughtered during the period between the probable introduction of disease to the holding and the taking of official measures shall wherever
possible be traced and processed under official supervision - Epidemiological enquiry
21
Q
Official measures in case of confirmation of classical swine fever in feral pigs
A
Determination of the infected area
- Official surveillance on the pig holdings in the area
- Official census
- Isolation of domestic pigs from feral pigs
- No pigs enter or leave the holding without authorisation
- Written plan of the measures taken to eradicate the disease in the infected area
Collection of information on the :
- Geographical distribution of the disease;
- Information campaign to increase hunters’ awareness of the measures to be taken
- Approximate number of feral pigs populations in and around the infected area;
- Method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot
22
Q
Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of classical swine fever
A
-Use of preventive classical swine fever vaccines is prohibited
- The Member State concerned may submit an emergency vaccination plan to the
Commission for both farm pigs and feral pigs
- Marker vaccine means a vaccine that can elicit a protective immunity distinguishable
from the immune response elicited by the natural infection with the wild type virus
by means of laboratory tests
23
Q
Definition of Aujeszky disease infection free swine herd
A
- No infection for 2 years
- Epidemiological conditions (e.g. isolation, controlled movements, laboratory
examinations, records) (!!!) - No vaccination for 12 months
- Testing of all breeding sows and boars and representative sample of fattening pigs
- Insemination or natural breeding with negative semen/boars
24
Q
Definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anaemia
A
- Typical clinical signs or
- Non-typical clinical signs but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serological
tests (interval: 21 days) - Pathology, histopathology
25
Definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious
anaemia
- Kept within 90 days with diseased or suspected of being diseased animals
- No clinical signs but 2 inconclusive or 1 positive serology (interval: 21 days)
26
Evaluation of ophthalmic test in case of glanders
- 24 hours rest
- 0.2 ml mallein dripped onto the conjunctiva
- Evaluation: 8-12 or 16-24 hours:
o Positive: swelling, purulent discharge
o Inconclusive: mucous discharge
o Negative
27
Official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak
- Informing the public about restrictions
- Killing of infected horses
- Disposal of carcasses and animal waste
- Strict disinfection
- 20 km zone: official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of
dogs, killing of diseased dogs
- Epizootic inquiry
- Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical, climatic conditions
28
Definition of potentially rabid animal
- An animal that shows the symptoms of the disease or,
- An animal that is symptomless but had been bitten by a rabid of potentially rabid
animal, and
- A wild mammal which behaves strangely or attacks humans;
29
Definition of potentially rabies-infected animal
Means an animal that has or may have contacted a rabid or potentially rabid animal
within the last 90 days;
30
Definition of rabies risky animal
- Means any mammal hat has attacked or bitten humans
| - Or any dog that had not received an anti-rabies vaccination in accordance with the regulations
31
Official measures with potentially rabid animals
- The potentially rabid domestic animals or susceptible animals kept in captivity shall
be killed or, upon the animal keeper’s request, put under official monitoring for 90 days if the conditions of such monitoring can be ensured without any problem. The animals showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily, while the animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly.
- The potentially rabid stray or wild animals shall be killed and then the official veterinarian shall be informed without delay.
32
Official measures with potentially rabies-infected animals
- The potentially rabies-infected animals shall be put under official monitoring for 90 days.
- The potentially rabies-infected carnivorous animals shall be monitored under
separation at the place of their keeping, inspected once every three weeks or, if their
safe separation is not possible at an official place.
- The potentially rabies-infected non-carnivorous animals shall be inspected once every
3 weeks. During the monitoring period the animals shall be kept and preferably tied
and separated to avoid their contact with humans or other animals.
33
Official measures with potentially rabies risky animals
- The rabies-risky animals shall be put under official monitoring for 14 days and, unless
they already have, the dogs shall be marked with an electronic transponder (a microchip implanted under the skin) at the owners cost. At the end of the monitoring period it is necessary to order the anti-rabies vaccination of the dogs not having a valid anti-rabies vaccination
- The rabies-risky carnivorous animals shall be monitored on the dog keeper’s site or, in
lack of that, on any other site available and suitable for such purpose inhibiting any contact with humans and other animals.
- The animals showing any clinical symptoms shall be inspected daily until they are fully
recovered, while the animals not showing clinical symptoms shall be inspected weekly.
- The rabies-risky non-carnivorous animals shall be monitored at the place of their keeping or separation.
34
Rules of preventive vaccination of dogs against rabies
- The animal keeper shall arrange, at his/her own cost, for the vaccination of all dogs
above 3 months of age to be performed by the private veterinarian responsible for
the animal health supervision of such dogs as follows:
o within 30 days after reaching 3 months of age,
o within 6 months after the first vaccination,
o every year afterwards;
- On areas with confirmed cases of rabies the chief district veterinarian may order the
regular preventive vaccination of cats against rabies. In this case the immunization shall be performed in accordance with the rules applicable to the vaccination of dogs.
- The preventive vaccination of other animals against rabies may be performed by the private veterinarian upon the request and at the cost of the animal keeper.
- The animals withdrawn from any compulsory vaccination or vaccination ordered by the animal health authority shall be vaccinated on the basis of the official veterinary’s resolution, and a fine specified shall be imposed on the owner of such animals.
- In order to prevent and control rabies in foxes, the immunity of the wild fox population to rabies shall be ensured through oral vaccination.
35
Public health measures in case of rabies
- The official veterinary shall notify the competent regional institution of medical
authority if
- he/she confirms rabies or potential rabies; - he/she becomes aware of the fact that a rabid or potentially rabid or potentially
rabies- infected animal has bitten (attacked) any person.
- Upon the detection of any wound caused by a dog, cat or wild animal, the physician
caring for the wound shall immediately notify in writing the competent official veterinary authority about the information available with regard to the circumstances of the case including, in particular, the name and home address of the animal keeper. Based on such notification, the official veterinarian shall take the necessary measures without delay.
36
Official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease on a holding
- All poultry killed on the spot
- The carcasses and eggs are destroyed
- Any substance or waste liable to be contaminated is destroyed or treated
- The meat of poultry slaughtered during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed
- Hatching eggs laid during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed; poultry which hatched from such eggs is placed under official surveillance
- Thorough cleaning and disinfection
- Reintroduction: at least 21 days after the end of the disinfection operations
37
Official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease in pigeons
- Application of the control and eradication measures provided for the poultry; or at
least
- a ban on movement of the pigeons or birds kept in captivity: for at least 60 days
- destruction or treatment of any matter or waste likely to be contaminated;
- an epizootiological inquiry
- use of swill is prohibited for the feeding of poultry
- contingency plan
38
Rules of lifting the restrictions ordered in case of scabies:
- Lifting restrictions: observation period:
o sheep: if < 2 cm wool: 42 days after dipping
o if > 2 cm wool: 70 days after 2x dipping
o if other means of treatment: 42 days
o other species: 42 days after 2x treatment
39
Official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased of viral hemorrhagic disease
- Diseased: movement restrictions, slaughter prohibited; killing the rabbits
- Proper disposal of carcasses
- In case of valuable flock: killing only of the diseased animals + healthy animals in the flock are vaccinated and the movement restrictions and vaccination is continued during the next 6 months !!!
40
Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD
- Trade in vaccinated animals is prohibited - Vaccinated animals from tested herds may be moved within the member state
- A system of traceability ensures that they are excluded from community trade
- Emergency vaccination:
o Classification of herds
o Animals: clearly identified and registered and must not be moved o Specific measures in the vaccination zone to the movements of animals, fresh meat and other animal products, milk and milk products
o Clinical and serological survey
- Protective vaccination
o Regionalization of the vaccination zone
o Second surveillance zone: at least 10 km wide
- Suppressive vaccination:
o Part of an immediate stamping-out strategy
o Applied to ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
o Carried out only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings
State Vet
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