Misc

Question 1

Indications of a ICD?

Answer 1

ARRHYTHMIAS and HEART FAILURE

Treating people with previous serious ventricular arrhythmia, that is, for people who, without a treatable cause:

1. Have survived a cardiac arrest due to VT or ventricular fibrillation or
2. have spontaneous sustained VT causing syncope or
   significant haemodynamic compromise
3. have a familial cardiac condition with a high risk of sudden
   death, such as long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome
4. heart failure who have left ventricular dysfunction with an LVEF of 35%

Question 2

Indications for a pacemaker?

Answer 2

1. Sinus node dysfunction:
   - Sinus bradycardia (remember transcutaneous pacing)
2. Acquired Atrioventricular(AV) block:
   - Mobitz and complete
3. After acute phase of myocardial infarction
4. Post cardiac transplantation
5. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with severe systolic heart failure
7. Patients with congenital heart disease

Chronic bifascicular block
Neurocardiogenic syncope and hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome
Pacing to detect and terminate tachycardia

Question 3

what is an angiolasty ?

Answer 3

Angioplasty is a medical procedure that opens up a blocked or narrowed artery around the heart. It is a standard treatment for narrowed or blocked arteries in this area of the body. Doctors also refer to angioplasty as percutaneous coronary intervention, or PCI.

Question 4

what causes apex beat displacement?

Answer 4

Dilatation (not Hypertrophy);

Aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Question 5

how does situs inversus differ from kartageners syndrome

Answer 5

situs inversus - dextrocardia + transposition of great arteries = cyanotic heart disease

kartageners - no transposition