1
Q
- Pit adenomas common in who?
- Calcified tumors? Location?
- Baso? Eisino?
- Micro size? Location? Hypofx?
- Macro size? Effect?
- Prev? (3)
- Pit. Aploplexy? Can occur with?
- Lymphocytic hypophysitis?
- Germinoma: WHO? What else effected?
- Location of meningioma?
- Hamartoma: Molformed? (2) Increased? (2)
- Mass effect symptoms? (4)
A
- young/middle aged
- Craniopharyngiomas; suprasellar
- ACTH; GH
- 10mm; mass effect
- PRL>Null>Gonadotroph
- Infarct of pit; occurs with macroadenoma
- Autoimmune post partum
- 4; gonads/midline structures
- Sphenoid alley
- Glial/neural; GnRH/CRH
- HA, hemianopsia, pan hypo pit, ptosis
2
Q
- When is crossing percentiles bad?
- Failure to thrive trend?
- Most common causes of decreased growth? (3)
1. ) GH defic: 3 causes? Wt? Ht?
2. ) TH Defic: 3 causes? Wt? Ht?
3. ) Gonadal Hor. Defic: 2 examples? Tests? (2)
4. ) Steroid Excess: Endo ex? Exo? (2) Wt? Ht?
5. ) FSS: Girl eq? Boy eq? - GH Indications? (8)
A
- After 2yo
- Wt falls off then height
- Nutrition, systemic dz, metabolic
1. ) Pit mal, GHRH defic, GH resistance; wt tracks, ht falls off
2. ) Ectopic gland, autoimmune, graves; wt track, ht drops
3. ) Const. delay (mean par.); Turner (decr. SHOX gene)
4. ) Cushings, Asthma/Inflamm.; Increase wt but not ht.
5. ) G: F-5+M/2 B: M+5 + F/2 +/- 2 - GH defic., Renal, Aids, P-W, Turners, Idiopathic, short bowel, noonans
3
Q
- Thyroid hormone modified where?
- Acidophils? (2) Basophils? (3)
1. ) Ant Pit: Derived from? (2) Pars Distalis? Tuberalis? Intermedia?
2. ) Post Pit: Derived from? Pars nervosa? Infundibulum? Median Eminence? - PN/ PD location? Blood supply?
3. ) Adrenal gland: Medulla derived from? Cells? Blood?
4. ) Thyroid: 2 cells? Colloid in?
5. ) Pineal gland makes? High when? Looks like?
A
- Liver
- Somatotrophs, Lactotrophs; Gonado, Cortico, Thyro
1. ) Oral ectoderm/Rathke’s; Hormone secreting cells; Sheath around infundibulum; Remn. of Rathke’s pouch
2. ) Neuroectoderm; Infund. process; stalk with portal vessels; axon to p. nervosa - Distal; Inf. Hypophyseal artery
3. ) Neural crest; Chromaffin; from cap down to suprarenal v.
4. ) Follicular (Colloid); C Cells
5. ) Melatonin; high at night; brain sand
4
Q
- Comp med? Alt med? % uses it? Most common use?
- CAM?
- DSHEA year? Regulated like? Can’t be with?
- High quality?
- Safe/effective for dyslipid? (4) Not?
- Obesity possibly effective? (2) Not? (2)
- 4 with safety concerns?
- DM: Chromium can cause? Vanadium?
- Htx: Garlic? CoQ SE’s? (2)
A
- Used with western; instead of; 72%; back pain
- Using therpais together with western
- 1994; Food; not with OTC’s
- Supplemental seal
- Fish oil (TG’s); Niacin, Stanols, Sterols; garlic
- Calcium, orlistat with blonde psyllium; Ephedra/ Bitter Orange
- Ephedra, Bitter Orange, 5-HTP, Aristolachia
- Renal dysfx; effective T2DM but renal dysfx
- Disc. before surgery; Increase bleed/T4/T8
5
Q
- Imaging:
T1: Allign with? What is brighter? Fluid? Fat?
T2: Desynchronize? Fluid? white matter? - Use what for pit. tumors?
- Treat prolactinomas with? Treat GH tumors how?
A
- Mag field; white matter; dark; bright
- yes; bright; dark
- Non conteast T1
- Dusinex; debulk
6
Q
- Bioassay measures? Immunoassay?
- Protein hormones? (2) Tyrosine? (3)
- Steroid: Carried via? % free? Half life?
- Peptide: Half life? Not degraded by proteases? (3)
- JAK/STAT Cyto? (2)
- EGFR? (2)
- High PRL?
- Gs? (2) Gi? (2) Gq? (2)
- ADH/ Oxy made where? (2)
A
- Function and amount; amount
- GH/Insulin; NE/E/TH
- Protein; low; long
- Short; PRL, GH, IGF1
- GH/PRL
- IGF Insulin
- Low GnRH
- CRH, GHRH; SST, PIH; GnRH, TRH
- Supraoptic/ PVN
7
Q
- Low glucose? High AA? Somatostatin?
- Larons? Treat?
- Same alpha unit? (4)
- 27 C’s; 21? 19? 18? 17?
- Ovulation due to? (3)
- Then what increases? (2)
- All fall?
- 2 male cells?
- 2 female cells?
A
- High GH; High GH; Low GH
- No GH receptor; IGF-1
- FSH, LH, TSH, HCG
- Chol; Progestin; Androgen; Estrogen; Progesterone
- LH/FSH/Estradiol high
- Progesterone; Inhibins
- Leydig/ Sertoli
- Theca/Granulosa
