1
Q
Francisella disease assocation and gov’t status
A
- tularemia
- potential bioterrorism agent
2
Q
Francisella transmitted by ____
A
wild animals such as deer, rabbits, beavers, and squirrels
3
Q
How do humans get tularemia?
A
- skinning animals
- undercooked game
- animal/tick bites
4
Q
Francisella biosafety level
A
BSL3
5
Q
F. tularensis signs/symptoms
A
- skin ulcers
- infection of lymph nodes/eyes/lungs/GIT
6
Q
Francisella gram stain morphology
A
faintly staining coccobacilli
7
Q
Francisella medium of choice
A
glucose-cystine blood agar
8
Q
Francisella colony morphology
A
small and grayish
9
Q
Francisella testing
A
- agglutination
- direct fluorescent antibody tests
10
Q
Brucella disease association
A
Brucellosis aka undulant fever
11
Q
How is Brucella acquired?
A
drinking contaminated milk or slaughter house exposure
12
Q
List the 4 Brucella spp that infect humans
A
- B. melitenis
- B. abortus
- B. suis
- B. canis
13
Q
Brucella gov’t status and biosafety level
A
potential bioterrorism agent
BSL3
14
Q
Brucella media and incubation requirements
A
- fastidious
- Brucella buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE)
- Modified Thayer Martin (MTM)
- 10% CO2 humid air
15
Q
Brucella biochemical traits
oxygen requirement
oxidase
catalase
A
- strict aerobe
- oxidase pos
- catalase pos
16
Q
Bordetella pertussis disease association
A
Pertussis aka whooping cough
17
Q
Bordetella inhabits which body part(s)?
A
Mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
18
Q
3 pertussis stages
A
- Catarrhal = general flulike symptoms
- Paroxysmal = repetitive coughing episodes
- Convalescent = recovery phase
19
Q
B. pertussis media requirements
A
- Bordet-Gengou (potato infusion)
- Regan-Lowe (charcoal horse blood agar)
- add cephalexin to select
20
Q
Other 2 Bordetella spp
A
- B. parapertussis = mild resp. infection in humans
- B. bronchiseptic = kennel cough in dogs and infrequently infects humanas
21
Q
B. pertussis colony morphology
A
- small/smooth
- mercury droplets
- beta hemolytic
22
Q
B. pertussis gram morphology
A
- poorly stained coccobacilli
- single or in pairs
23
Q
B. pertussis biochemical characteristics
MAC growth
urease
A
- does not grow on MAC
- urease neg
other Bordetella spp grow on MAC and are urease pos
24
Q
Actinobacillus spp normal environment
A
oral flora of animals
25
Which Actinobacillus spp is normal flora of humans?
A. actinomycetmcomitans
26
Actinobacillus infections caused by what?
Animal bites
27
A. actinomycetomcomitans disease association
- endocarditis
- gum disease
28
A. actinomycetomcomitans media requirements
- grows on SBA and CHOC
- does not grow on MAC
29
A. actinomycetocomitans colony morphology
star-like centers
30
A. actinomycetocomitans biochemical traits
**catalase**
**glucose**
- catalase pos
- glucose pos
31
How is Pasteurella spp transmitted to humans?
- cat/dog bites
- inhalation of dried animal feces
32
Pasteurella disease association
- cellulitis
- osteomyelitis
- meningitis
- joint infections
- pneumonia
33
Which Pasteurella spp most commonly infects humans?
P. multocida
34
P. multocida biochemical traits
**MAC growth**
**oxidase**
**catalase**
**indole**
**nitrate**
**motility**
- doesn't grow on MAC
- oxidase pos
- catalase pos
- indole pos
- nitrate pos
- nonmotile
35
P. multocida gram stain/morphology
pleomorphic GNCB
may show bipolar staining
36
Eikenella corrodans normal environment
normal flora of mouth and upper resp tract
37
Eikenella corrodans disease association
- oral cavity abscesses
- human bite wound infections
38
Eikenella corrodans media growth unique feature
corrode or pit the agar surface
39
Eikenella biochemical traits and odor
- requires X factor for growth unless 5-10% CO2 present
- bleach-like odor
40
Legionella normal environment
aquatic systems
- humidifiers
- whirlpools
- air conditioning chillers
41
Legionella resistant to _____
common concentrations of chlorine
42
Most common Legionella spp and serogroup
Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1
43
Legionella pneumophila disease association
- **Legionellosis** mild-severe pneumonia
- Legionairres disease = severe form of legionellosis
- Pontiac fever = mild form of legionellosis
44
Most common lab assay of legionellosis
urine antigen test
*direct fluorescent Ab test and nucleic acid probes used too*
45
specimens for legionella testing
- lower resp tract
- lung biopsy
- BAL
- sputum
46
Legionella gram stain/morphology
- thin, poorly staining GNB
- better to use 0.1% basic fuschin instead of safranin counterstain
47
Legionella spp media growth requirement
- L-cysteine
- BCYE agar
- will not grow on SBA
- some may grow on Brucella or CHOC agars
48
Legionella biochemical traits
**glucose metabolism**
**other tests**
- asaccharolytic
- most biochem tests are neg
49
Legionella special trait
Autofluoresces under UV, including L. pneumophila
50
Chromobacterium violaceum normal environment
water and soil
51
Chromobacterium violaceum colony morphology
purple or violet pigment on nutrient agar
52
Chromobacterium violaceum disease assocation
wound infections acquired from contaminated water or soil
53
Gardnerella vaginalis gram stain/morphology
small gram-variable coccobacilli
54
Gardnerella vaginalis normal environment
considered normal vaginal flora in low numbers
55
Gardnerella vaginalis disease association
- bacterial vaginosis
- UTIs
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- postpartum sepsis
56
Evidence of Gardnerella vaginalis
Clue cells aka
epithelial cells with numerous bacteria attached
57
Gardnerella vaginalis catalase result
catalase neg
58
How is Gardnerella vaginalis diagnosed?
Amsel and Nugent scoring system
59
Bartonella oxidase result
oxidase neg
60
Bartonella gram stain/morphology
GN curved bacilli
61
Agent of trench fever
Bartonella quintana
62
Causes growth of neoplastic blood vessels (bacillary angiomatosis) and endocarditis
Bartonella quintana
63
B. quintana transmitted by ___
human lice
64
Causes cat-scratch disease aka bacillary peliosis hepatitis anad bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella henselae
65
Cardiobacterium hominis normal environment
normal flora upper resp tract and possibly GIT and genital tracts
66
Cardiobacterium hominis disease association
endocarditis
67
Cardiobacterium hominis gram stain/morphology
- short chains/pairs/rosettes
- irregular staining bacilli with bulbous ends
68
Cardiobacterium hominis media requirements
- CO2 for initial isolation
- can be recovered on SBA
- yeast extract enhances growth
69
Cardiobacterium hominis biochemical traits
**oxidase**
**catalase**
**indole**
- oxidase pos
- catalase neg
- weakly indole pos
70
Streptobacillus moniliformis normal environment
oral flora in rats and other rodents
71
Streptobacillus moniliformis disease association
- rat-bite fever
- Haverhill fever from contaminated food/water
72
Streptobacillus moniliformis found in which body part(s)?
- blood
- synovial fluid
- abscess
73
Streptobacillus moniliformis gram stain/morphology
GNB pleomorphic
74
Streptobacillus moniliformis motility
nonmotile
