missed stuff

Question 1

A patient presents with bilateral anterior dislocation of the jaw at the temporomandibular joint. They are unable to swallow or talk because their mouth is held in the open position. What is the position of the condyles of the mandible as a result of the dislocation

Answer 1

against the anterior side of the articular tubercle

Question 2

the facial nerve passes through the…

Answer 2

petrotympanic fissure

Question 3

what is the main blood supply to the infratemporal fossa

Answer 3

maxillary artery

Question 4

what is the most common cause of acute otitis media in kids

Answer 4

strep pneumoniae

Question 5

describe presentation of vestibular neuritis

Answer 5

sudden vertigo without hearing loss or tinnitus due to inflamamtion fo the vestibular nerve

Question 6

describe the presentation of meniere’s disease

Answer 6

episodic vertigo, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, fullness of the ear

Question 7

positive head impulse test supports what diagnosis

Answer 7

vestibualr neuritis

Question 8

describe innervation via the paramedian pontine reticular formation

Answer 8

it will innervate the abducens nucleus ipsilaterally and the occulomotor nucleus contralaterally. for ex, if the right paramedian pontine reticular formaiton fires, both eyes move to the right

Question 9

describe the pathway for gaze from the left frontal eye field

Answer 9

1. Left FEF activates.
2. Projects ipsilaterally to the left superior colliculus.
3. Left SC sends fibers across the midline to the right PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation).
4. Right PPRF activates the right abducens nucleus
5. right PPRF activates the left occulomotor nucleus
6. both eyes to move rightward

Question 10

branches from which artery supply the hypoglossal nucleus

Answer 10

anterior spinal artery

Question 11

what travels through the foramen spinosum

Answer 11

middle meningeal artery

Question 12

what travels through the jugular foramen

Answer 12

vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve, hyppoglossal nerve

Question 13

wha travels through the foramen rotundum

Answer 13

CV2

Question 14

what passes through transverse foraminae of C1-6

Answer 14

vertebral arteries

Question 15

A room is filled with the scents of lavendar and roses during a woman’s fMRI. Which region would be activated for the woman to recall her first memory of smelling these scents

Answer 15

hippocampus

Question 16

which sensory path doesnt go through the thalamus

Answer 16

smell

Olfactory receptor neurons → olfactory bulb → olfactory tract → primary olfactory cortex

Question 17

What nucleus and ganglia are associated with CN VII

Answer 17

Lacrimal nucelus (of the superior salivatory nucleus) w/ pterygopalatine ganglion for input to the lacrimal glands, and superior salivatory nucleus and submandibular ganglion for salivary glands

Question 18

the posterior ethmoidal nerve branches off of…

Answer 18

nasociliary nerve from V1

Question 19

sudden, painless blindness with cherry-red macula

Answer 19

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 20

what muscle keeps food against the teeth during chewing? what is it innervated by?

Answer 20

buccinator, CNVII

Question 21

The extraocular muscle that does not originate at or near the apex of the orbit is the

Answer 21

inferior oblique

Question 22

what are signs of macular degeneration

Answer 22

gradual or sudden change in the quality of your vision or that straight lines appear distorted to you. This may gradually turn into a dramatic loss of your central vision

Question 23

what is the main component of the cochlear amplifier

Answer 23

outer hair cells