Mitosis

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

G1, S (DNA synthesis), G2

Question 2

Mitotic (M) phase

Answer 2

Mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 3

phases of the cell cycle

Answer 3

are an ordered series of events, promotes cell growth and division to produce daughter cells

Question 4

Mitosis is

Answer 4

the division of the nucleuses that produces two identical daughter cells

Question 5

Most of the time, the cell is in

Answer 5

Q0 or G0 phase (snoozing/sleeping, letting all the organelles do their jobs)

Question 6

Interphase is

Answer 6

cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division (cell spends a lot of time here, 90% of the cell cycle)

Question 7

Interphase is for

Answer 7

the cell to grow and replicate its DNA and check pre-existing DNA, and check for mutations of the cell

Question 8

S phase is when

Answer 8

chromosomes/DNA is duplicated during this phase

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 10

Mitosis includes

Answer 10

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 11

Cytokinesis is well underway by

Answer 11

telophase (DNA has split, now the cytoplasm needs to)

Question 12

Kariokinesis

Answer 12

prophase through Telophase

Question 13

Prophase, the first stage of mitosis

Answer 13

• chromosomes condense and become visible (chromatins wound very tightly)
• spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes
• nuclear envelope breaks down (disinigrates and put in vesicles)
• nucleus disappears

Question 14

Prometaphase, second stage of mitosis

Answer 14

• chromosomes continue to condense
• Kinetochores appear at the centromeres
• Mitotic spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores
• centrosomes move towards opposite poles

Question 15

Kinetochores are

Answer 15

a protein complex that sits on top of centrosomes. Generate attachments of sister chromatids to stay attached, is also where spindle fibers come out of, facing opposite poles

Question 16

Metaphase, third stage in mitosis

Answer 16

• mitotic spindle in fully developed, centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell
• chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate
• each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles

Question 17

metaphase plate

Answer 17

a section in the equatorial plane of the metaphase spindle having the chromosomes oriented upon it.

Question 18

Anaphase, fourth step of mitosis

Answer 18

• cohesion proteins binding the sister chromatids together break down
• sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) are pulled toward opposite poles
• non-kinetochore spindle fibers lengthen, elongating the cell
• sister chromatids separate and move along the kinechore microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell
• the microtubules shorten by depolymerizing at their kinetochore ends

Question 19

the cell needs to be elongated for

Answer 19

the cell to be ready to split into daughter cells

Question 20

Telophase, fifth step in mitosis

Answer 20

• chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense
• nuclear enevelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes
• mitotic spindle fibers break down

Question 21

Cytokinesis, sixth step in mitosis

Answer 21

• animal cells: a cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells
• plant cells: a cell plate separates the daughter cells

Question 22

During cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 22

a ring of actin filaments forms at the metaphase plate. the ring contracts, forming a cleavage furrow, which divides the cell in two.

Question 23

During cytokinesis in plant cells

Answer 23

golgi vesicles coalesce at the former metaphase plate, forming a phragmoplast. A cell plate formed by the fusion of the vesicles of the phragmoplast grows from the center toward the cell walls, and the membranes of the vesicles fuse to form a plasma membrane that divides the cell in two.