mitosis

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

A type of cell divison that results in two identical diploid daughter cells with same number of chromosomes as parent cells

Question 2

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 2

The stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 3

What happens in prophase?

Answer 3

• Chromatin material condenses to form visible chromosomes
• the nucleolus disappears
• Nuclear membrane begins to break down
• spindle fibres begins to form from centrosomes

Question 4

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 4

Chromosomes line up across the equator of the cell and spindle fibres attach to the centromeres

Question 5

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 5

the sister chromatids of each chromosome separated and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers.

Question 6

What happens during telophase?

Answer 6

• two nuclei are formed
• spindle fibres break downs
• chromosomes unwinds chromatin
• nuclear membrane forms around each nucleus
  * mitosis is complete

Question 7

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 7

cytoplasm of a parent cell divides into two daughter cells, each containing a nucleus and other organelle

Question 8

What is interphase?

Answer 8

The cell’s DNA is replicated. Each chromosome is duplicated, forming identical sister chromatids. This step ensures that each daughter cell, after cell division, will receive a complete set of genetic information.
G1 Phase (Gap 1):

Cell Growth: The cell grows in size and carries out its normal cellular functions.

Question 9

What are the three stages of interphase?

Answer 9

• G1( gap phase 1 ) - cell growth and metabolic activity occurs. cells enlarge by absorbing new materials (end products of photosynthesis/digestion)
• S (synthesis phase)- DNA replication occurs- each cell has two identical copies of DNA
• G2 (gap phase 2)- enzymes check duplicated chromosomes for any errors and prepares for mitosis

Question 10

Why is mitosis important?

Answer 10

• repair of damaged tissues and replacement of worn out cells
• asexual reproduction
• growth and development of multi cellular organisms- embryos, organs
• ensures chromosomes are evenly distributed between two daughter cells during cell division.- identical to parent cell

Question 11

What are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 11

cells from early embryos that can differentiate into any type of cell

Question 12

How does cytokinesis occur in animals and animal cells?

Question 13

Why is cytokinesis important

Answer 13

• separates the two daughter nuclei and ensures each cell has one nucleus
• result is two daughter cells with identical chromosomes to each other and to parent cell (46)

Question 13

Why is cytokinesis important

Answer 13

• separates the two daughter nuclei and ensures each cell has one nucleus
• result is two daughter cells with identical chromosomes to each other and to parent cell (46)

Question 14

What are spindle fibres composed of?

Answer 14

Microtubules

Question 15

What is the role of centrosomes in mitosis?

Answer 15

They contain the centrioles, which help to form the spindle fibers that attach to the chromatids and pull them apart

Question 16

What is the difference between chromatids and chromosomes?

Answer 16

Chromosomes are the condensed, coiled-up form of DNA that can be seen during cell division. Each chromosome is composed of two identical copies of DNA called chromatids, which are held together by the centromere. During cell division, the chromatids separate

Question 17

What are the stages of cell cycle?

Answer 17

1. interphase
2. mitosis
   after cytokinesis, cell will enter G1 phase again

Question 18

Do all cells enter enter G1 phase or continue to divide?

Answer 18

No some specialized cells do not enter cell cycle.
they are in a phase called G0 phase, and only reenter cell cycle when needed

eg.
* nerve cells do not divide
* stem cells can enter cell cycle and divide when needed but not frequently

Question 19

What is the result in telophase

Answer 19

• Two nuclei with chromosomes identical to each other and to the the parent cell

Question 20

What is the result of mitosis?

Answer 20

Mitosis results in the formation of two genetically identical diploid daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.