What is the purpose of mitosis?
Cell division for growth, repair, and maintenance
What type of cells does mitosis produce?
Two identical diploid cells from one diploid cell
Mitosis is used by which type of cells?
Somatic cells, not sex cells
What is the starting point of mitosis?
The parent cell is diploid (2n)
What happens to DNA before mitosis?
The cell replicates its DNA, so every chromosome has two sister chromatids
What occurs during prophase?
Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers form
What is the significance of the centromere during prophase?
Each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids held together at the centromere
What happens to chromosomes during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach to the centromere
What occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
What is considered a full chromosome after anaphase?
Each separated chromatid is considered a full chromosome
What happens during telophase?
Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends and de-condense, nuclear membranes reform
What is cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm splits, forming two identical daughter cells
What is the final outcome of mitosis?
Two diploid (2n) cells are produced, genetically identical to each other and the parent cell
Give an example of a cell that divides by mitosis.
A human skin cell divides into two new skin cells
How many chromosomes does a human skin cell have?
46 chromosomes
Define diploid (2n).
Cells with two sets of chromosomes
What are sister chromatids?
Identical copies of a chromosome, joined at the centromere
What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?
They are separated
What are somatic cells?
Body cells that undergo mitosis (skin, muscle, blood cells, etc.)
What phase of the cell cycle is mitosis
M phase
