Mobility

Question 1

What is the term that refers to the position of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting and lying?

Answer 1

posture

Question 2

What is the force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement?

Answer 2

friction

Question 3

What is the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move?

Answer 3

shear

Question 4

What are the 4 types of bone?

Answer 4

• long
• short
• flat
• irregular

Question 5

What are the 3 characteristics of bone?

Answer 5

• firmness
• rigidity
• elasticity

Question 6

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 6

• protects vital organs
• aids in calcium regulation
• bone marrow aids in RBC production
• provides structure for muscular system

Question 7

What are the 4 classifications of joints?

Answer 7

• synostotic (ie pelvis)
• cartilaginous (ie sternocostal)
• fibrous (ie tibia-fibia)
• synovial (ie elbow)

Question 8

What are white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that binds joints together and connects bone and cartilages?

Answer 8

ligaments

Question 9

What are white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone?

Answer 9

tendons

Question 10

What is the term for the intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons?

Answer 10

bed rest

Question 11

What are the 5 functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 11

1. response to stress/injury
2. growth and development
3. reproduction
4. maintenance of the internal environment
5. energy production, use, and storage

Question 12

How does immobility disrupt metabolic functioning?

Answer 12

-decreases metabolic rate; altering the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; causing fluid, electrolyte and calcium imbalances; and causing GI disturbances.

Question 13

What is the condition that occurs when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in?

Answer 13

negative nitrogen balance

Question 14

What is the term for the inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions?

Answer 14

hypostatic pneumonia

Question 15

What are the 3 major changes to the CV system caused by immobilization?

Answer 15

• orthostatic hypotension
• increased cardiac workload
• thrombus formation

Question 16

What is an accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors and cellular elements of the blood?

Answer 16

thrombus

Question 17

Which 3 factors contribute to venous thrombus formation?

Answer 17

1. damage to vessel wall
2. alterations to blood flow
3. alterations to blood constituents

Question 18

What are the three factors that contribute to venous thrombus formation referred to as?

Answer 18

Virchow’s triad

Question 19

What is an abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of a joint?

Answer 19

joint contracture

Question 20

What is the term for when the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion?

Answer 20

footdrop

Question 21

What is the condition in which the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureter?

Answer 21

urinary stasis

Question 22

What are calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis or pass through the ureters?

Answer 22

renal calculi

Question 23

What is an impairment in the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues?

Answer 23

pressure ulcer

Question 24

What is the term for the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes?

Answer 24

Range of Motion (ROM)

Question 25

What are the three planes of the body?

Answer 25

- sagittal (divides Left and Right) - transverse (divides Front and Back) - frontal (divides Top and Bottom)

Question 26

How should muscle atrophy be measured?

Answer 26

anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and skinfolds

Question 27

How often should a respiratory assessment be done on a patient with restricted activity?

Answer 27

at least every 2 hours

Question 28

How often should a skin assessment be done on a patient with restricted activity?

Answer 28

at least every 2 hours

Question 29

What is the most common back injury?

Answer 29

strain on the lumbar muscle group, which includes the muscles around the lumbar vertebrae