Fundamentals Exam 1 > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

axial skeleton

A

ribs, sternum, vertebral column, and skull

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs

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3
Q

how many bones in the body

A

206

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4
Q

function of bones

A
  • form body structure
  • protect vital organs
  • provide a point of attachement for muscles
  • store minerals
  • form blood cells
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5
Q

3 types of muscles

A

skeletal muscle

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

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6
Q

skeletal muscle

A

voluntary

critical for physical mobility

640 muscles

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7
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary

forms the supporting tissue of blood vessels and hollow internal organs

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8
Q

cardiac muscle

A

involuntary

myocardium

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9
Q

joints

A

2 bones meet

hold skeleton together

provide mobility

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10
Q

ligaments

A

connect bones to other bones to form a joint

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11
Q

tendon

A

connect bones to muscles

carry contractile forces from muscle to bone to cause movement

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12
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue found throughout the body

  • ribs to sternum
  • structure for nose
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13
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate

-only pediatric

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14
Q

pediatric differences

A
  • epiphyseal plate
  • cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis
  • osteoblasts at growth plate produce new bone within the diaphysis to increase the length of the bone
  • bones more porous, less dense = high risk of fracture
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15
Q

older adult differences

A
  • low bone density (more bone resorped than made)
  • bones are thinner, weaker
  • spinal discs are thinner, loose fluid and thinner bones of the spine=spinal compression
  • muscle fibers derease or atrophy (muscle strength, slower rxn time and impaired balance)
  • tendons and joints are less elastic
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16
Q

Relationship between comfort and mobility/immobility

A
  • acute and chronic pain
  • end of life care
  • fatique
  • fibromyalgia
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17
Q

increased pain—>

A

less activity—>increased muscle atrophy and bone resorption

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18
Q

increased fatique—>

A

decreased muscle control—>decreased balance

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19
Q

end of life–>

A

decrease in mobility in general

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20
Q

Relationship between health/wellness/illness and mobility/immobility

A

increased physical activity–>increased muscle mass/strength and bone density

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21
Q

Relationship between stress and mobility/immobility

A

decreased mobility–>increased stress–>difficulty coping

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22
Q

Relationship between collaboration and mobility/immobility

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A

interaction between multiple clinicans to regain full mobility

23
Q

Relationship between safety and mobility/immobility

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A

developmental considerations

  • infants learning mobility—>increased risk of injury
  • children in sports/activities—>increased risk of injury—>decreased mobility
  • decreased mobility—>increased risk of falls and fractures in older adults esp.
24
Q

back and spinal cord alternations

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A

common causes: herniated discs and scoliosis

-overweight and poor physical fitness

25
Fractures
break in continuity of a bone
26
Factors that affect severity of the fracture
- nature of event - strength of bone
27
Greatest risk factor for hip fracture
osteoporosis
28
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
autoimmune disorder that destroys the myelin sheath around nerves, disrupting transmission of nerve impulses -impairs the brain's ability to communicate with the rest of the body resulting in a variety of symptoms including sensory and motor disturbances and alterations in bowel and bladder control hard to diagnose due to alternating symptom episodes
29
Osteoarthritis
degeneration of cartilage and bone in a joint - sometimes accompanied by bone spurs - most commonly in knees, hips, hand and spine
30
Parkinson disease
central nervous system disorder caused by degeneration of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine - more common in men than women - progressive disease
31
Spinal cord injuries
- medical emergencies - may result in permanent disability or paralysis - location determines severity
32
General assessment of musculoskeletal system
- deformities - tenderness - pain - measure extremities - muscle mass and strength
33
Gait and Posture Assessment of musculoskeletal system
body posture and gait spine curvature
34
Joint assessment of musculoskeletal system
inflammation deformities tenderness warmth pain crepitus
35
crepitus
grating sound or sensation bone to bone or bone to cartilage
36
ROM assessment of musculoskeletal system
RN to provide resistance by pushing in opposite direction
37
Uric acid test
blood test increased uric acid levels may indicate gout, excessive exercise and a variety of non-musculoskeletal-related disorders
38
Phosphorus test
increased levels may indicate **hypoparathyroidism** decreased levels may indicate **hyperparathyroidism** or lack of vit D
39
Calcium
increased blood calcium levels could indicate the presense of metastatic bone tumors, Paget disease, bone fractures, or hyperparathyroidism. Decreased blood calcium levels could indicate hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, or vit D deficiency
40
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
ALP is produced by bone and other organs increased ALP may indicate bone disease, bone fracture, bone tumors, osteomalacia, Paget disease, decreased ALP may indicate Wilson disease
41
Creatine Kinase (CK)
used to detect muscle damage, muscle inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, polymyositis, and muscular dystrophy. CPK-MM is specific for skeletal muscle
42
Rheumatoid factor
elevated level may indicate RA, scleroderma, lupus, and adult still disease
43
growth hormone (GH)
high levels of GH may indicate acromegaly or gigantism. low levels of growth hormone may result in dwarfism
44
parathyroid hormone/Calcitonin
PTH and Calcitonin have opposite actions in regulation of blood calcium levels increased Cal. may indicate a thyroid tumor increased PTH for osteoporosis that does not respond to therapy
45
Image testing
bone scan bone density CT scans MRI scans xrays
46
Electrical tests
EMG NCV
47
Independant interventions for treatment and prevention of immobility
- Provide ROM - Provide Education - Promote comfort - Prevent injury
48
Collaborative interventions for treatment and prevention of immobility
- PT - Passive ROM - Active ROM - Actice Assistive ROM - Exercise - ambulation - assistive devices (walkers, crutches) - pharmacologic therapies
49
Passive ROM
performed by HCW
50
Active
performed by patient
51
Anti-inflammatory drugs
decreases inflamation ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen
52
Antispasmodics
relaxes skeletal muscles baclofen, dantrolene
53
Bone growth stimulators
inhibits bone resorption osteoporosis-alendronate, risendronate
54
Morse Fall Scale
predicts likelihood that a patient will fall point system performed once a day with change in patient status provides info needed to tailor interventions to prevent falls
Fundamentals Exam 1
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