Mobility Impairments

Question 1

ability to move a jt easily throughout a full biomechanically correct ROM. Particularly 2 jt mm

Answer 1

flexibility

Question 2

fixed jt that has high resistance to passive or active stretch. described by action of shortened mm/tissue

Answer 2

contracture

Question 3

shortening of tissue relative to its normal resting length over time. “postural syndromes”

Answer 3

adaptive shortening

Question 4

adequate tissue length to move through full ROM. dealing with blockage issues

Answer 4

passive mobility

Question 5

neuromuscular skill to control movement. dealing with strength issues

Answer 5

active mobility

Question 6

“tissues remodel in response to the demands/lack of demands placed on them”

Answer 6

Wolfe’s law

Question 7

Static, highly used mm are at greater risk for

Answer 7

atrophy

Question 8

high periods of immobility result in a greater ________ than loss of mm mass

Answer 8

functional loss

Question 9

Immobilization effects on tendons (2)

Answer 9

1. Reduce load tolerance

2. Cross linking of fibers

Question 10

immobilization effects on ligaments (2)

Answer 10

1. Cross linking of fibers

2. Bone resorption at insertion sites

Question 11

immobilization effects on articular cartilage

Answer 11

Cartilage softens from increased water and decreased proteoglycan

Question 12

immobilization effects on bone (2)

Answer 12

1. Resorption increases

2. Formation decreases

Question 13

immobilization effects on CV system (2)

Answer 13

1. Venous return decreases

2. CO decreases

Question 14

immobilization effects on respiratory system (2)

Answer 14

1. Restricted lung expansion

2. Decrease gas exchange

Question 15

immobilization effects on GI system

Answer 15

Peristalsis decreases

Question 16

immobilization effects on urinary system (3)

Answer 16

1. Kidneys can’t drain
2. Kidney stones
3. Infection

Question 17

during remobilization, _____ heals the fastest and ____ heals the slowest

Answer 17

bone, articular cartilage

Question 18

Indications for PROM (3)

Answer 18

1. active motion disrupts healing
2. pain
3. maintain/increase available ROM

Question 19

Indications for AAROM (3)

Answer 19

1. maintain/increase available ROM
2. increase circulation
3. can’t complete full AROM

Question 20

Indications for AROM (3)

Answer 20

1. increase mm strength/endurance
2. increase circulation
3. improve mvmt mechanics

Question 21

stretching contraindications (3)

Answer 21

1. infection
2. bony block
3. hypermobility

Question 22

stretching precautions (3)

Answer 22

1. recent fracture
2. osteoporosis
3. elderly

Question 23

force applied to a tissue

Answer 23

stress

Question 24

deformation of tissue in response to external load

Answer 24

strain

Question 25

Stress/strain regions in order (4)

Answer 25

1. toe region 2. elastic range 3. plastic range 4. Failure range

Question 26

Initial application of force on collagen fibers. Tension developes

Answer 26

Toe region

Question 27

Area where mm is deformed but returns to original shape once load is removed.

Answer 27

Elastic range/deformation

Question 28

Area where increasing stress on a mm results in progressive failure, microscopic tearing of collagen. Permanent change. Increases ROM of tissue

Answer 28

Plastic range/deformation

Question 29

Area where change in tissue produces mechanical failure. Fracture, rupture, strain, sprain

Answer 29

Failure range

Question 30

load is applied for an extended period of time (>60s) to cause tissue elongation that does not return to original length. turns off mm spindles

Answer 30

Creep

Question 31

Chronic effect of stretching

Answer 31

Sarcomeres added

Question 32

acute effects of stretching (2)

Answer 32

1. elongation of elastic tissue | 2. decreased mm spindle activity

Question 33

four considerations when stretching

Answer 33

1. alignment 2. stability 3. intensity 4. duration

Question 34

application of steady force for a sustained period at a point just past tissue resistance. 30-60s w/ less force

Answer 34

static stretching

Question 35

relatively short duration stretch that is repeatedly applied, released, applied. 5-30s hold. Spindles never desensitize

Answer 35

cyclic stretching

Question 36

high velocity, bouncing movements at end range or quick movements that impose rapid change in mm length. Bounce 15-60 sec. More risky

Answer 36

dynamic/ballistic stretching

Question 37

four types of stretching

Answer 37

1. static 2. cyclic 3. dynamic/ballistic 3. PNF

Question 38

use neurophysiologic effects of autogenic inhibition. useful for mm spasms

Answer 38

PNF stretching

Question 39

reduction in tone after brief periods of isometric contraction

Answer 39

post-isometric relaxation

Question 40

high tension in a mm causes relaxation of the same mm (GTO)

Answer 40

autogenic inhibition

Question 41

process by which mm on one side of a jt relax to accommodate contraction on the other side of jt

Answer 41

reciprocal inhibition

Question 42

1. bring limb to end ROM 2. pt isometrically contracts 3. relax 4. pt passively moves limb further into range

Answer 42

hold relax passive PNF

Question 43

1. bring limb to end ROM 2. pt isometrically contracts 3. relax 4. pt actively moves limb further into range

Answer 43

hold relax active PNF

Question 44

1. bring limb to end ROM 2. pt concentrically contracts 3. relax 4. pt actively moves limb further into range

Answer 44

Contract relax active PNF

Question 45

Goal of hold relax passive

Answer 45

autogenic inhibition

Question 46

goal of hold relax active

Answer 46

autogenic inhibition then reciprocal inhibition

Question 47

goal of contract relax

Answer 47

autogenic inhibition

Question 48

Stretching no nos (3)

Answer 48

1. Don't force beyond normal ROM 2. Don't stretch w/out strengthening 3. Don't overstretch postural mm

Question 49

Congenital neuro condition w/ tissue attached to spinal cord. PT contraindicated.

Answer 49

Tethered cord syndrom

Question 50

Postural neuro condition that responds well to neural mobilization and neural tension stretching

Answer 50

nerve root and dural movement disorder

Question 51

manual therapy aimed at restoring arthrokinematic motion

Answer 51

jt mobilization

Question 52

indications for jt mobilization

Answer 52

1. jt pain 2. mm spasm/guarding 3. jt hypomobility

Question 53

facilitates mm contraction

Answer 53

jt compression

Question 54

facilitates mm relaxation, pain relief

Answer 54

jt distraction

Question 55

Grades of jt mobilization PTAs are able to practice

Answer 55

I-IV

Question 56

Jt mobilization contra/precautions (4)

Answer 56

1. hypermobility 2. jt swelling 3. malignancy 4. jt replacement