SPI exam > Mock 4 > Flashcards

Mock 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

A curvilinear array transducer uses ______ focusing technique

A

electronic delay

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2
Q

Using a 3 MHz ultrasound transducer to obtain an image of a structure 10cm deep, the total attenuation would be ____

A

30dB

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3
Q

how do you find the attenuation number?

A

attenuation = 0.5 x frequency x distance

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4
Q

a reflector at the boundary of different tissues, with a smooth surface is greater than 1 wavelength of the US is a _____

A

specular reflector

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5
Q

what does reflection depend on?

A

the difference in acoustic impedance and the size of the structure

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6
Q

what is the term for the streamline of fluid particles flowing along the wall of the vessel?

A

boundary layer

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7
Q

why is it important for sonographer to be familiar with imaging protocols?

A

they help ensure that the appropriate imaging techniques are used for each type of exam, which is essential for accurate diagnosis and patient care

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8
Q

the amount of reflection is dependent upon

A

acoustic impedance of tissues and incident angle

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9
Q

the higher the frequency of the ultrasound, the ____ the focal depth

A

longer

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10
Q

the definition definition of spatial peak, temporal average (SPTA) intensity descriptor is

A

the highest value over an averaged time
the most widely used parameter

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11
Q

what does gain control do?

A

adjust the degree of amplification of the returning signals

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12
Q

what best describes a medium in which sound will propagate a the slowest rate?

A

high density low stiffness

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13
Q

what does low compressibility mean?

A

stiffness

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14
Q

A _____ is a mechanism to evaluate all types of procedures performed within the ultrasound laboratory on an ongoing basis

A

continuous quality improvement (CQI)

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15
Q

an advantage of tissue harmonic imaging (THI) is

A

the returning sound beam is narrower in all planes

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16
Q

during tissue harmonic imaging (THI) what signals are not processed?

A

the main beam (side lobes and grating lobes) are eliminated

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17
Q

compression results in regions of _____ within tissue medium

A

higher pressure and higher density

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18
Q

in a blood vessel with a stenosis, the velocity of blood flow will be the highest _____

A

within the stenosis

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19
Q

as the area of lumen decreases what happens to velocity?

A

velocity increases

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20
Q

to increase the temporal resolution, the first thing you should do is _____

A

decrease the depth of field

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21
Q

what imaging conditions would result in a low signal-to-noise ratio?

A

low output power and high amplification

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22
Q

what imaging conditions would result in a high signal-to-noise ratio?

A

high output power and low amplification

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23
Q

acoustic impedance determines what happens to the sound wave as it _____

A

meets a boundary between two different tissues

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24
Q

what does the difference in acoustic impedance determines?

A

if reflection occurs and describes difference in tissue properties that affect how waves pass through

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25
what are the rules of 30?
shoulder hyperabduction >30 degrees, scanning patients with BMI >30, scanning for >30 years
26
when using a tissue equivalent phantom _____ resolution is evaluated by measuring the width of the reflection of the target
lateral resolution
27
in a laminar flow profile through a vessel with no disease, the boundary layer may separate from the wall ______
at a curve or bend in the vessel (carotid artery bifurcation)
28
as a length of a vessel increases, the resistance _____
increases
29
what is the relationship between length and resistance?
they are directly related
30
what is the job of the quadrature phase detector?
it allows determination of increased or decreased frequency (flow direction)
31
what component of the circulatory system plays the most significant role in the amount of blood flowing through the system?
arterioles
32
what does OSHA requires each facility to have to guide any and all activities that have potential risk of exposure to infection?
standard operating procedure
33
what may result in a slowing or reversal of flow in the boundary layer region close to the walls of a vessel?
deceleration
34
when using harmonic imaging, the fundamental frequency and the harmonic frequency ______ prior to processing
must be separated
35
the ability of a phased array transducer to focus the beam is based on ____
Huygen's principle
36
A principle that allows beam steering also allows focusing of the beam at specific depths created by converging of the wavefronts by time delays
Huygens principle
37
what kind of pulse ultrasound will give the best axial resolution?
high frequency and few cycles in the pulse
38
a computerized processing technique that analyzes and displays all the frequencies moving through the sample area is ______
fast fourier transfer (FFT)
39
the focal depth can be describes as the distance between the _____
transducer and the focal zone
40
what phantom would you use to assess the elevational resolution of an US system?
beam profile and slice thickness phantom
41
if the nyquist limit is 5,000 Hertz, the _______ will be _____
PRF is 10kHz
42
what is an advantage of CW doppler?
it does not alias
43
a quality improvement program should include evaluations that are performed ______
routinely ongoing and continuous monitoring is key
44
the approximate hydrostatic pressure at the ankle in an average height person is
100mmHg
45
High (or wide) dynamic range means _____
many shades of gray
46
a wave undergoes 3dB of amplification, how did the intensity change?
it doubled
47
the packet size used in color doppler imaging has a significant impact on _____
temporal resolution
48
what are the 4 principles of medical ethics that are widely accepted by the medical community
patient autonomy, beneficence, no maleficence, justice for all
49
what is the relationship between frequency and wavelength and spatial pulse length?
the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and shorter the spatial pulse length
50
the _____ is a unit used for expressing the ratio between 2 quantities
decibel
51
refraction is a bending of an energy wave due to
changes in propagation velocity and the angle of the incident wave
52
what does refraction require?
both a difference in propagation velocity between 2 mediums and an oblique angle of incidence
53
what is the pulser responsible for?
producing the voltage applied to the PZT crystal
54
what is the pulser?
it generates the electrical pulses
55
what is a disturbed flow?
a deviation of streamlines, it can be minimal until it becomes dramatic and becomes turbulent flow
56
which technique allows calculation of blood velocity?
duplex imaging
57
what does the movement of fluid requires?
a pressure gradient and a pathway (a vessel)
58
what does the angle of insonation determine?
the amount of sound energy that is reflected back to the transducer.
59
when visualizing vessel walls what angle is ideal?
an angle close to 90 degrees because they are specular reflectors
60
in a longitudinal wave, what is a cyclical region of low pressure called?
rarefaction
61
what kind of PRF is more likely to alias?
a lower PRF
62
when using a setor or curvilinear array tansducer to evaluate deep structure, an issue of concern is
increased distance between scan lines
63
what is the ability of a test to detect disease when present
sensitivity
64
what is SNOUT
sensitivity rules negatives out
65
a mechanical index of < 1.9 suggests the potential of any significant bioeffects is
unlikely
66
time gain compensation (TGC) allows adjustment of ___
gain settings for various depths
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