mod 26 -forgetting, memory construction, and improving memory

Question 1

Daniel Schacter’s 7 SIns of Memory (1999)

Answer 1

3 sins of forgetting:

1. absent mindedness (lack of attention = encoding failure)
2. transience (storage decay over time, ap chem!)
3. blocking (failure to retrieve, stored info is not accessible)

3 sins of distortion:

4. misattribution - source = not what you think it was, you take info from a bad source/distort your interpretation and are wrong from the beginning
5. suggestibility - common in children, adult/authority tells you smth and suggests memory and you encode it
6. bias - belief colored recollections (current feelings of happiness mean you recall earlier things more happily and vise versa)

and……

7. persistence - unwanted memories haunting and distracting someone

Question 2

forgetting is often a….

Answer 2

encoding failure to the long-term memory

Question 3

proactive vs. retroactive interference

Answer 3

proactive = forward acting, - old memories distort new memories (new phone number = impossible to rmr bcz of old one)

retroactive = backward acting, new info destroys old info (cant rmr old password)

Question 4

true/false: forgetting can only occur at the short term —-> long term memory stage

Answer 4

false, it can occur at ANY stage

Question 5

motivated forgetting

Answer 5

people unknowingly revise memories

Question 6

repression

Answer 6

type of motivated forgetting, defense mechanism banishes anxiety-inducing thoughts, feelings, and memories from CONSCIOUSNESS

Question 7

memory construction

Answer 7

filtering and filling in of pieces of missing memory (can be altered by new info)

Question 8

misinformation effect

Answer 8

incorporate misleading info into ones account. of eventAFTER it happened

Question 9

source amnesia

Answer 9

attributing an event to the wrong source (misattribution)

Question 10

memories of abuse

Answer 10

repressed or constructed?

Question 11

false memory syndrome

Answer 11

persons identity and relationships center around false but strongly believed traumatic memory

Question 12

common encoding errors

Answer 12

1. shaping: simple and short - story = shorter
2. sharpening - overemphasis of some details biases the story
3. assimilation - changes facts to fit schema

Question 13

is recall or recognition better?

Answer 13

recall, recognition is just, well, recognizing it whereas recall is far more in-depth of understanding

Question 14

automatic processing producing implicit memories exist OUTSIDE the atkinson shiffrin model

Answer 14

true