Mod2_External Criticism

Question 1

__ are common enough to keep the careful historian constantly on guard

Answer 1

Forgeries of documents in whole or in part

Question 2

“___” are fabricated for several reasons

Answer 2

Historical Documents

Question 3

“___” are fabricated for several reasons

Answer 3

Historical Documents

Question 4

Reason to fabricate historical documents: used to bolster a ____

Answer 4

false claim or title

Question 5

Reason to fabricate historical documents: it is due to less __ considerations (ex: political propaganda)

Answer 5

mercenary

Question 6

Reason to fabricate historical documents: sometimes quite genuine documents are intended to mislead ____ and hence have misled subsequent historians

Answer 6

contemporaries

Question 7

Occasionally, misinterpretations of the nature of printed works results from the ____

Answer 7

editors’ tricks

Question 8

To test Authenticity, historians examines the __ to see whether they are not anachronistic

Answer 8

materials

Question 9

__ means belonging to a period other than that being portrayed

Answer 9

anachronistic

Question 10

____ is a person, thing, idea that exist out of its time in history, especially one that happened later than teh period being shown, discussed

Answer 10

anachronism

Question 11

___ (idiom, orthography or punctuation) can be detected by specialist who are familiar with contemporary writing

Answer 11

Anachronistic style

Question 12

____ to early or too late or too remote; or dating of a document at a time when the alleged writer could not possibly have been at the place designated uncovers fraud

Answer 12

Anachronistic references to events

Question 13

__ is a document that in its entirety or in large part is the result of a deliberate effort to deceive may often be hard to evaluate

Answer 13

Garbled documents

Question 14

The first task of restoration of texts are ____

Answer 14

the first task is to collect as many copies of the dubious text as diligent search will reveal then compare

Question 15

The problem of credibility is not that what actually happened , but that is ____ as we can learn from a critical examination of the best available sources

Answer 15

close to what actually happened

Question 16

The elementary data of history is subject to ____

Answer 16

proof

Question 17

A historical “_____ “ may be defined as a particular derived directly or indirectly from historical documents and regarded as credible after careful testing in
accordance with the canons of historical method

Answer 17

fact

Question 18

___ is a method where historians either asks in relatively ____ (Did she try do it?) or may be ____but still implicit and in interrogative form (Can she be held responsible for it?)

Answer 18

Interrogative Hypothesis
noncommittal
full-fledged

Question 19

General rule 1: Was the ___ of the detail (the primary witness) able to tell the
truth?

Answer 19

ultimate source

Question 20

General rule 2: Was the primary witness ___ to tell the truth?

Answer 20

willing

Question 21

General rule 3: Is the primary witness accurately reported with regard to the ___?

Answer 21

detail under examination

Question 22

General rule 4: Is there any independent ___of the detail under examination?

Answer 22

corroboration

Question 23

Any detail (regardless of what the source or who the author) that passes all four tests is ____

Answer 23

credible historical evidence

Question 24

___ depends upon degree of expertness, state of mental and physical health, age, education, memory, narrative skill, etc. The ability to estimate number is especially subject to suspicion

Answer 24

Competence

Question 25

Hearsay and Secondary Evidence Rule 1: On whose ____ does the secondary witness base his statements?

Answer 25

primary testimony

Question 26

Hearsay and Secondary Evidence Rule 2:

Answer 26

Did the secondary witness accurately report the primary testimony as a whole?

Question 27

Hearsay and Secondary Evidence Rule 3:

Answer 27

If not, in what details did he accurately report the primary testimony?