Modal verbs Flashcards

(7 cards)

1
Q

Habilidad / Ability

A

Can /Can´t (se o puedo hacer algo) → Present
Could/Couldn’t (sabía/podía hacer ago) → Past
Could / Might have → Algo que pudo haber ocurrido, pero al final no
Be able to (ser capaz de algo)

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2
Q

Permission

A

Can (direct) Could (more polite) May (More formal) → Pedir permiso
Can (´t) o May (not) → Dar o negar
Would you like…? → Te gustaría..

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3
Q

Obligation and Prohibition

A

Must (obligación que viene del speaker, directa) → Only present
Mustn´t → Prohibición
Have/Has/Had to (external obligations, rules and laws → All times

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4
Q

Lack of obligations

A

Do (es) n’t have to / Do (es) n’t need to (no tiene que hacer)
Needn´t have (participle) → Ella no necesitaba esperar, pero SI sabemos que esperó.
Didn’t need to → Ella no necesitaba esperar, y NO lo hizo.

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5
Q

Advice

A

Should / Ought to → Deberías…
Should /Ought to have → Lamentarse de algo que podríamos haber hecho mejor y no hicimos (se hizo algo mal en el pasado, un lamento).
Had better + infinitive (sin to) → a strong recommendation in a particular situation con consecuencia, peligro…

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6
Q

Deductions

A

May (not) Might (not) (puede que/puede que no) Could + (podría…) → Present and future possibility (not 100%)
May / Might have → suposición (possibility) de un hecho pasado
Can → theoretical possibility, (It can be hot in Sevilla in the summer)
Must (seguro que…) → Lógica, 100%
Must have → Deducción lógica del pasado
Can’t (seguro que no/ es imposible que) → Imposible, %
Can´t have → Algo imposible que no ha podido ocurrir

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7
Q

Probability

A

Should /Ought to → Probability at the moment or in the future (debería aprobar el examen, ha estudiado mucho)
Should / Ought to have (Debería…) → Esperábamos que pasara algo y no sabemos si ocurrió o sabemos que NO ocurrió.

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