what are the general consideration for all modalities
- Skin disorders (open wounds / unhealed scars / damaged skin / infection)
- Altered sensation
- Demand type pacemaker
- Psychological concerns / patient cannot understand therapist
general caution for all modalities
Metabolic disease (i.e. diabetes)
Cardiovascular disease
Circulatory disease (i.e. Raynaud’s disease, arterial disease) Systemic disease (i.e. diabetes)
Cancer
what are the contradiction for electrical modality
- Over anterior cervical areas
- Over anterior thoracic region - Over cranial region
- Unstable fractures
- Metal implants
- Epilepsy
- Hemorrhagic area / blood clot
what are the caution for electrical modality
pregnancy, unfused epiphyseal plate
contraindication for ice
hypersensibility for cold, raynaud’s
contraindication for intermittent compression
osteoporosis, fracture, acute injury ( primary stage of burning/ acute inflammation)
contraindication for mobs
- Pathological changes (neoplasm / inflammation / infection / osteopenia)
- Active collagen vascular disorders
- Massive degenerative changes
- Loss of skeletal or ligamentous stability
- Congenital anomalies
- Coagulation problems
- Hyper or hypomobile joints
- Pain and protective muscle spasm
- Fractures
contraindication PNF
osteoporosis, fracture
caution PNF
hyper or hypo mobility
contraindication for thermotherapy
acute injury, near eyes, near genital
caution thermotherapy
pregnancy
