What does the FRENCH words ‘reserche’ means?
The act of searching closely.
RESEARCH is a combination of what?
Prefix ‘re’ = again
‘search’ = to look for
What is empirical approach?
Knowledge is gained through direct observation and experimentation. Only those data derived from scientific procedures are considered factual.
What is OBSERVATION as scientific method in research?
Your awareness of your environment constitutes your ideas. But if you rely your awareness alone, it results in information bias, decreasing the validity of your findings.
What is QUESTION as sci-method in research?
Knowledge come from the inquiries that are answerable. Questions must be answered through scientific investigation and must generate tangible proof.
What is HYPOTHESIS as sci-method in research?
An educated guess, an attempt to explain a phenomenon. Once formulated, it should help you formulate a prediction.
What is EXPERIMENTS as sci-method in research?
The given hypothesis should assure testability in a crafted condition for the accuracy and reliability of results. The process of experimentation itself is a proof of scientific procedures.
What is ANALYSES as sci-method in research?
For findings to be reliable, the data gathered are subjected for analysis through statistical methods. The statistical treatment to be employed depends on the design o the study, type of data, and given questions.
What is CONCLUSION as sci-method in research?
The process of making inferences involves concrete data to rule out opinions. A conclusion must be objective and supported by meticulous analysis of data.
What is REPLICATION as sci-method in research?
This means doing the same study once again to a different set of participants to test the soundness of the obtained result.
What is DESCRIPTION as a goal of research?
Refers to the way in which phenomena being studied are defined, classified, and categorized. The goal of describing is to provide essential information.
What is PREDICTION as a goal of research?
Entails stating the possible consequences of present events based on existing knowledge of something else. The purpose of prediction is to control one’s action and behavior through careful planning derived from a given set of information.
What is UNDERSTANDING/EXPLANATION as a goal of research?
The process of analyzing information to find out the causes behind phenomena. To understand and explain data, a relationship between events must already be established; one should cause the effect to the other; and other explanations of causality between them must be ruled out.
What are constructs?
Mental abstractions from the combination of concepts, or your mental representation of the world around you.
What are Variables?
Variables are constructs that can be understood differently because of their differences in values. It can be observed directly or indirectly.
What are variables based on DIRECT OBSERVATION?
Those that can be easily gauged by senses (size, brightness, odor, taste)
What are variables made through INDIRECT OBSERVATION?
Can be determined by using tool or instrument. Most often, they are abstract constructs that can only be concretized through an attitude survey instrument.
What are the 7 kinds of variables?
Independent Dependent Confounding/ extraneous Categorical Continuous Quantitative Qualitative
What are INDEPENDENT variables?
MANIPULATED variables that CAUSE CHANGE in another variable. Usually, these are treatments or conditions that produce a varied response or effect.
What are DEPENDENT variables?
Are those that are affected by independent variables. Simply put, they are the responses or effects that result from the treatment or conditions employed.
What are CONFOUNDING or EXTRANEOUS variables?
Those variables usually indicated in an experimental research. They are not included in the study but in one way or another, causes effect on the independent variable.
What are CATEGORICAL variables?
Those that characterize and describe the quality of data. They are often classified into mutually exclusive categories/ nominal variables (civil status) and extensive categories/ordinal variables (size)
What are Continuous variables?
Those variables in which values are based on a given interval or continuum. These variables rely on number for description (temperature)
What are Quantitative variables?
those VARIABLES THAT GIVE DETAILS regarding the number or level of something. These variables COUNT THE FREQUENCY of responses or effect.
