Module 1

Question 1

Typical Distillation curve

Answer 1

1. Butanes (LE)
2. Gasoline
3. Naptha
4. Kerosene
5. Gas Oil

Question 2

Salts are (2)

Answer 2

1. naturally occurring in crude oil

2. water soluble

Question 3

Crudes Salts (3)

Answer 3

1. Magnesium Chloride
2. Sodium Chloride
3. Calcium Chloride

Question 4

First step of crude oil seperation

Answer 4

washing in the desalter (with water)

Question 5

What comes out of the desalter?

Answer 5

salt, mud , sand

Question 6

Undermixing in the desalter result in

Answer 6

salt carryover downstream

Question 7

What happens to the salts in the crude furnance?

Answer 7

Hydrolyzes (breaks apart and forms HCL)

Question 8

Which crude salt hydrolyzes most / least?

Answer 8

MOST = magnesium Chloride
Lease = Sodium Chloride

Question 9

Where is naOH injected to form Sodium Chloride

Answer 9

downstream of the desalter

Question 10

Dry CL is

Answer 10

not corrosive

Question 11

Wet CL is

Answer 11

corrosive

Question 12

wash water outlet monitors (3)

Answer 12

1. ph
2. iron
3. chlorides

Question 13

what are naturally occurring in crude oil (2)

Answer 13

Sulfer / N2

Question 14

Adding heat converts sulfur to

Answer 14

H2S (corrosive/poisonous)

Question 15

sulfur/n2 increases with

Answer 15

Molecular weight

Question 16

N2 becomes an issues

Answer 16

1. in feed produce cyanide

2. in hydrotreating N2 combines with H2 and form NH3 (ammonia) and form ammonia bisulfide with HCL

Question 17

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) & Delayed Coker Unit (Coker) purpose?

Answer 17

Crack large molecules (Asphalt) into small usable molecules (gasoline/diesel)

1. FCCU = catalyst
2. DCU = thermally

Question 18

Purpose of Hydrotreating is to remove

Answer 18

sulfur / N2

Question 19

purpose of sour water stripper (SWS)

Answer 19

remove H2S

Question 20

where does rich amine goes to?

Answer 20

Amine Unit

Question 21

heavier MW = need more ___ and higher ____

Answer 21

Hydrogen and higher pressure

Question 22

heavier MW = need more ___ and higher ____

Answer 22

Hydrogen and higher pressure , and more sulfer / N2

Question 23

where does rich amine goes to and do what?

Answer 23

Amine Unit -> remove H2s

Question 24

Hydrotreating Steps

1. Hydrogen (H2) is combined with hydrocarbon.
2. H2 combines with the Sulfur (S) in the hydrocarbon.
3. H2S (a gas) is formed.
4. The H2S gas and the liquid hydrocarbon are separated.
5. H2S gas goes to an Amine Treater where the H2S is transferred to the amine and recovered.

Question 25

reactor effluent air coolers damage mechanism

Answer 25

* Wet H2S * Ammonium Bisulfide * Ammonium Chloride * HCl corrosion * Erosion * Chloride

Question 26

is amine a acid or a base?

Answer 26

base

Question 27

is amine a acid or a base?

Answer 27

base

Question 28

purpose of a Alkylate unit

Answer 28

Combine cracked gasses (from either FCCU or Coker) to form large gasoline molecules.

Question 29

Catalyst in a Alkylation (2)

Answer 29

Sulfuric Acid or Hydrofluoric HF Acid

Question 30

Alkylation / HF Construction – Primarily ____ when (2)

Answer 30

Carbon Steel CS is fairly resistant to corrosion by either Sulfuric Acid or HF Acid when the 1. acid concentration is high and 2. velocities are low.

Question 31

Independent of the type of catalyst used in an Alkylation unit, what is one of the key parameters to controlling the corrosion rate in such a unit?

Answer 31

Temperature

Question 32

amine treating system, what vessel operates at a higher temperature?

Answer 32

Amine Regenerator

Question 33

amine treating system, what vessel operates at a higher temperature?

Answer 33

Amine Regenerator

Question 34

Catalytic Reforming unit (CRU) bi products (2)

Answer 34

1. high octane (100%) | 2. hydrogen H2

Question 35

control parameter for a desalter (3)

Answer 35

1. amount of mixing 2. water % 3. temperature

Question 36

desalter does not remove

Answer 36

sulfer

Question 37

function of the Tank Farm in a refinery?

Answer 37

Remove solids from the crude oil Dewater the crude oil Blend the crude oil for the desalter

Question 38

function of the Tank Farm in a refinery? (3)

Answer 38

Remove solids from the crude oil Dewater the crude oil Blend the crude oil for the desalter

Question 39

Is amine water soluble, or hydrocarbon soluble?

Answer 39

water

Question 40

n what part of the hydrotreating process do most of the ammonium salts form corrosive liquid salts?

Answer 40

Reactor Effluent Air Coolers

Question 41

the corrosion rate of bare metal decreases with time. This is because:

Answer 41

The passive layer protects the metal from further corrosion.

Question 42

Low-alloy steel contains

Answer 42

about 1%-5% of alloying elements.

Question 43

Most carbon steels used in a refinery contain how much of the alloying element carbon (C)?

Answer 43

0.15 – 1.0 %

Question 44

What alloying element in Cast Iron makes it difficult to weld?

Answer 44

Carbon (C)

Question 45

The most common acid gases found in the refinery and petrochemical plants are (2) ).

Answer 45

H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) and CO2 (Carbon Dioxide