1
Q
A medication order written by a physician, dentist, or other licensed medical practitioner and given to the patient for presentation to the pharmacist.
A
PRESCRIPTION
2
Q
It contains a specific medication and dosage to be administered to a particular patient at a specified time
A
PRESCRIPTION
3
Q
PRESCRIPTION came from the words ____ + ____
A
prae (before) + scribo (i write) = prescriptio
4
Q
FIRST person to study prescription
A
GEORGE URDANG
5
Q
what was the content of the prescriptions before
A
COMPOUNDING
6
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
- Are pharmaceutical products or drug preparations that are to be dispensed only upon written order of a validly registered physician, dentist, or veterinarian for the management or treatment of a condition or disease
A
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
Ethical / Legend Drugs
7
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
PRESCRIPTION drugs are also called
A
Ethical / Legend drugs
8
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
what is the VERY FIRST THING to LOOK at when checking a prescription drug
A
RX SYMBOL ON THE LABEL
9
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
what should be checked on the label when dispensing prescription drugs
A
- Rx symbol
- Cautionary or Legend statement that prohibit dispensing without prescricption
10
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
- Are pharmaceutical products or drug preparations that CAN BE DISPENSED even WITHOUT the written order of a valdily registered licensed physician, dentist, or veterinarian, for the use of consumers for the prevention or** symptomatic relief** of minor or self-limiting ailments
A
NON-PRESCRIPTION DRUGS (OTC Drugs)
11
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
- a type of NON-PRESCRIPTION drug that only a pharmacist can dispense
- should always have PATIENT COUNSELING
A
PHARMACIST-ONLY OTC
12
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
PHARMACIST-ONLY OTC:
can cause drowsiness
A
Cetirizine
13
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
PHARMACIST-ONLY OTC:
used for hairgrowth, also an antihypertensive drug – can cause hypotension if not used properly
A
MINOXIDIL
14
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
PHARMACIST-ONLY OTC:
used for weight loss, can also cause steatorrhea (fat stool)
A
Orlistat (Xenical)
15
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
PHARMACIST-ONLY OTC:
* most common NSAID that can cause allergy in women (bulging of eyes)
* not to be dispensed to first time users
A
IBUPROFEN
16
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
- Are pharmaceutical products referring to either prohibited or regulated drugs which require a special prescription form usually obtained from the Dangerous Drugs Board
A
DANGEROUS DRUGS
17
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
TWO TYPES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
A
- Prohibited drugs
- Regulated drugs
18
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
DANGEROUS DRUGS:
* not allowed EVER
* does NOT have medicinal effects
A
prohibited
19
Q
TYPES OF MEDICATION BASED ON PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
DANGEROUS DRUGS:
* CAN be used but CONTROLLED
* HAS therapeutic effects
A
REGULATED DRUGS
20
Q
Generics Act of 1988
A
R.A. 6675
21
Q
RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675
the doctor’s order on the patient’s chart for the use of specific drugs are considered a ____
A
prescription
medication charts are considered a prescription
22
Q
RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675
is prescribing of drugs or medicine using their generic name(s) or generic terminology
A
GENERIC PRESCRIBING
23
Q
RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675
the act by a validly-registered pharmacist of filling a prescription or doctor’s order on the patient’s chart
A
DISPENSING
24
Q
RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675
- means dispensing the patient’s/buyer’s choice from among generic equivalents
- i.e., finished pharmaceutical products having the SAME active ingredients, same dosage form, and same strength as the prescribed drug
A
GENERIC DISPENSING
25
in **ANY** aspect, the drugs are the **SAME**
therapeutic equivalent
26
* 2 brands have the **same active ingredient**, **dosage**, **strength**, etc.
* **different bioequivalent** (bioavailability)
PHARMACOLOGIC EQUIVALENT
27
# **RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675**
the **idfentification** of drugs and medicines by their **scientifically** and **internationally recognized active ingredients**
GENERIC NAME / GENERIC TERMINOLOGY
28
current official formulary (**international**)
United States Pharmacopoeia-National Drug Formulary (USP-NF-
29
# **RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675**
* includes **opium and the active components** and derivatives such as **heroin** and **morphine**: coca lead nad its derivatives, principally **cocaine**, **alpha** and **beta Eucaine**, **hallucinogenic drugs**, such as **masculine**, **lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)**, and other substances producing similar effects: **Indian hemp** and its derivatives; all preparations made derivatives; all preparation made form any od the foregoing; and other drugs, whether natural or synthetic, with the physicological effects of a **narcotic drugs**
PROHIBITED DRUGS
30
# **RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675**
* includes **sleep-induicng sedatives**, such as **secobarbital**, **phenobarbital**, **amobarbital**, and other durgs which contain a salt or derivative or **barbituric acid**; any salt, isomer or salt of an isomer, of **amphetamine**, such as **Benzedrine** or **denadrine** and **hypnotic drugs** such as, or other compound producing similar pharmacologic effects
REGULATED DRUGS
31
# **DANGEROUS DRUGS**
* **CALM** your senses
* still conscious
SEDATIVES
32
# **DANGEROUS DRUGS**
* **FORCE** to sleep
HYPNOTICS
33
# **RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675**
PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING:
* **drugs**, **substances**, and certain **chemicals** used to make drugs are **classified** into ____ **distinct categories** or **schedules** depending upon the drug's acceptable medical use and the drug's abuse or dependency potential
FIVE (5)
34
# **RULES & REGULATIONS UNDER THE R.A. 6675**
PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING is based on Board Regulation No. 1 series of 2014 RA ____
**RA 9165**
35
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* drugs wtih **NO** currently accepeted **medical use** and a **HIGH POTENTIAL** for **abuse**
SCHEDULE I
36
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* **Heroin**
* **Lysergic acid diethylamide** (LSD)
* **Marijuana** (Cannabis) (Tertrahydrocannabinol)
* **3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine** (Ecstacy)
* **Methaqualone** (nonbarbiturate hynotic)
* **Peyote** (active ing: Mescaline - psychedelic)
SCHEDULE I
37
ACTIVE INGREDIENT of **Peyote**
Mescaline
| a psychedelic
38
a NONBARBITURATE hypnotic
Methaqualone
39
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* drugs with a **high potential** for abuse, with use potentially leading to **SEVERE pyschological** or **physical DEPENDENCE**
* HAS medical use
SCHEDULE II
40
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* Combination products with **less than 15 mg** of **hydrocodone** per dosage unit (**Vicodin**)
* **Cocaine**
* **Mehamphetamine**, **Methadone**
* **Hydromorphone** (Dilaudid)
* **Meperidine** (Demerol)
* **Oxycodone** (OxyContin)
* **Fentanyl**
* **Dexedrine**
* **Ritalin** (GN: Methylphenidate - for ADHD)
SCHEDULE II
41
Generic name of **RITALIN**
Methylphenidate
| used for ADHD
42
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* drugs with a **moderate to low** potential for **physical** and **psychological dependence**
SCHEDULE III
43
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* Products containing **less than 90mg** of **codeine** per dosage unit (**Tylenol** with codeine)
* **Anabolic steroids**
* **Testosterone**
* **Buprenorphine**
* **Pentobrabital**
SCHEDULE III
44
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* drugs with a **LOW** potential for **abuse** and **LOW** risk of **dependence**
SCHEUDLE IV
45
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
ORAL PSYCHOTROPICS:
* **Alpraxolam**
* **Bromazepam**
* **Clonazepam**
* **Clonazepate**
* **Diazepam** (Valium)
* **Midazolam**
* **Phenobarbital**
* **Phentermine**
* **Zolpidem**
SCHEDULE IV
46
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* drugs that consist of preparations containing **limited quantities** of certain **narcotics**
* generally used for **antiDIARRHEA**, **antiTISSUIVE**, **ANALGESIC** purposes
SCHEDULE V
47
# **PDEA DRUG SCHEDULING**
* Cough preparations with less than 200 mg of codeine or per 100 mL (**Robitussin AC**)
* **Lomotil** (Atropine / Diphenoxylate)
* **Motofen**
* **Lyrica** (Pregabalin)
SCHEDULE V
48
**ALL Rx dispensed** in the drugstore, botika or hospital pharmacy shall be **kept** in file for ____ years and **recorded** in a **prescription book** duly-registered by FDA which shall be **open for inspection** to food and Drug Inspectors at any time during business hours of the outlet.
2 years
49
the **prescription book** shall be **kept** for ____ years after the last entry
2 years
50
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
* **computer-based electronic generation**, **transmission** and **filling** of a medical prescription, taking the place of paper and faxed prescriptions
* allows a physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assitant to **electronically transmit** a new prescription or renewal authorization to a community or mail-order pharmacy
ELECTRONIC PRESCRIBING / E-PRESCRIBING (e-Rx)
51
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
a type of prescription that is **NOT allowed** for **regulated drugs**
E-PRESCRIBING
52
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
* A prescription containing **10 or more than 10 ingredients of the SAME therapeutic use**
* it is also known as **shotgun prescription**
POLYPHARMACY PRESCRIPTION
53
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
POLYPHARMACY PRESCRIPTION is also known as
shotgun prescription
54
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
what is the best way to deal with polypharmacy presription
MEDICATION RECONCILIATION
55
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
* the best way to **deal** with **polypharmacy** prescription
* running through drugs **one by one** (interview)
* **check drugs** na dala ni patient
MEDICATION RECONCILIATION
56
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
* A prescription that is very often prescribed by the **same doctor**
MAGISTRAL OR EXTEMPORANEOUS PRESCRIPTION
57
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
MAGISTRAL means
upon compounding
58
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
EXTEMPORAMEOUS means
on the spot, spontaneous
59
INGREDIENTS OF **MAGIC MOUTHWASH**
1 part diphenhydramine
1 part Maalox
1 part 2% viscous lidocaine
60
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
* A prescription containing **words** or **symbols** to represent the name of drugs
* it is also known as **blind prescription**
* this kind of prescription is **NOT ALLOWED**
CODED PRESCRIPTION
61
# **PRESCRIPTION CLASSIFICATION**
**CODED** prescription is also known as
BLIND PRESCRIPTION
62
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* It usually contains the **name** of the **physician** or dentist, his **specialty**, **clinic address**, **contact number**, and **clinic hours**
PRESCRIBER'S INFORMATION
63
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* This is of used to the pharmacist especially when the **prescription is signed ILLEGIBLY** and to facilitate additional professional communication as may be required
PRESCRIBER'S INFORMATION
64
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* It contains pertinent information about the **patient** such as the **name**, **address**, **sex**, **age**, and **weight** and sometimes **BSA**
* the **full name** and **address** of the **patient** are **necessary** for the **identification purposes**; if they are not given in the prescription, the pharmacist obtains the necessary information from the patient or from the prescriber
* the patient's **age**, **weight**, and **BSA** are particularly needed for **pediatric pateints**, it assists the pharmacist in **interpreting** the **prescription** and to **determine** or to **compute** the **exact dosage** to be given to children
PATIENT'S INFORMATION
65
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* Prescriptions are dated at the **time they are written** and aslo **when they are received** and **filled** in the pharmacy
* this is important in **establishing** the **medication record** of the patient especially in **filling prescriptions** for **controlled substances**
* if the **lapse** is **within 24hrs**, the drugs **can** be dispensed
* if **more than 24 hrs**, the medication will **restart to day 1**
DATE
66
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* the **Rx symbol** is a Latin verb "***recipe"*** meaning **"take though"** or **"you take"**
* historians believed that this symbol **originated** from the **sign of Jupiter** employed by ancients in **requesting aid for healing**
SUPERSCRIPTION
67
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* the **medication prescribed**
* it is the **body** or the **principal part** of the prescription order
* it contains the following information:
* **Name** of the product
* **Dosage form**
* **Potency**
INSCRIPTION
68
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
INSCRIPTION:
* written in both **generic name** and **brand name** and sometimes the **chemical name** is also used
NAME OF THE PRODUCT
69
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
INSCIRPTION:
* the **physical entity** of the medication
DOSAGE FORM
70
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
INSCRIPTION:
* the **strength** of the medication
* ***not required*** if only **none strength is commercially available** or if the product contains **combination of active ingredients**
* it is ***advisable*** to include the strength to **reduce** the chance of **misinterpreting** the prescription.
POTENCY
71
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* Dispensing **directions to the pharmacists**
* it contains directions to the pharmacist for **preparing** and **labeling** the prescription
* it usually contains the **quantity** of the medication to be dispensed
- this should include the **amount** and the **units of measure**. if the amount is ***not specified***, the **directions should specify the dose to be taken** and the **duration of therapy** so that the pharmacist can calculate the quantity required for the patient
SUBSCRIPTION
72
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* **directions for PATIENTS**
* it is also known as ***"signature"*** or ***"signa"*** meaning **"mark though"** or **"let it be labeled"**
* the instructions given to the patient include:
* the **number of dosage units per dose**
* the **route of administration**
* the **frequency** of dosing
* the **duraton** of dosing
* and sometimes the use of drug
* the instructions are usually written using **abbreviated forms** of English or Latin terms
* the **pharmacist** must **reinforce** and **repeat** his **instruction** to the patient by giving **patient counseling**
TRANSCRIPTION
73
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* If refill information is **not supplied**, it is generally assumed that **NO REFILLS ARE AUTHORIZED**
REFILL INSTRUCTION
74
# **PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION**
* It contains the **signature of the prescriber** as well as the **doctor's license number** to practice his profession, **PT number**, and sometimes **S2 license number**
* this is the best way to **verify** a prescription
PRESCRIBER'S SIGNATURE & LICENSE NUMBER
75
# **PROCESSING A PHARMACY REQUEST**
FORM OF REQUEST:
for **Community** pharmacy
prescription of any type
(written or e-prescrip)
76
# **PROCESSING A PHARMACY REQUEST**
FORM OF REQUEST:
for **Hospital (institutionalized)** pharmacy
| DIFFERENT FOR EVERY INSTITUTION
* prescription of any type
* medication ordeer
77
# **PROCESSING A PHARMACY REQUEST**
PERSON IN-CHARGE OF PROCESSING:
for **COMMUNITY** pharmacy
* Pharmacy assistants
* Pharmacists
78
# **PROCESSING A PHARMACY REQUEST**
PERSON IN-CHARGE OF PROCESSING:
for **HOSPITAL (institutionalized)** pharmacy
pharmacists only
79
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
these indicated in the **Phase 3** of Administrative order ____, series of ____
AO No. 62, Series of 1989
80
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
* when the **brand** name **PERCEDES** the generic name
* where the **generic** name is the one **IN PARENTHESIS**
* where the **brand** name is **NOT in PARENTHESIS**
ERRONEOUS PRESCRIPTION
| STILL CAN BE DISPENSED; FORGIVABLE
81
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
the rule "where **more than one drug product is prescribed in one prescription form**" only applies to what kind of drug
REGULATED DRUGS
82
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
ERRONEOUS PRESCRIPTION:
the rule "where **more than one drug product is prescribed in one prescription form**" is already **AMENDED** by
AO 90 series of 1990
83
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
what to do with **ERRONEOUS prescriptions**
* SHALL BE FILLED
* prescription shall be kept and reported to the nearest DOH office
84
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
* where the **generic** name is **NOT WRITTEN**
* where the **generic** name is **NOT LEGIBLE** and a **brand** name which is **LEGIBLE** is written
* where the **brand** name is indicated and instructions added, such as "**NO SUBSTITUTION**" which tend to obstruct, hinder, or prevent proper generic dispensing
VIOLATIVE PRESCRIPTION
85
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
what to do with **VIOLATIVE** prescriptions
shall NOT be filled
86
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
* when ONLY the **generic** name is **written** but **NOT LEGIBLE**
* when the **generic** name **DOES NOT CORRESPOND** to the **brand** name
* when **both** the **generic** name and the **brand** name are **NOT LEGIBLE**
* when the drug product prescribed is **NOT REGISTERED** with **FDA**
IMPOSSIBLE PRESCRIPTION
87
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
IMPOSSIBLE prescriptions are also called as
OUT OF STOCK prescription
88
# **UNETHICAL PRESCRIPTIONS**
what to do with **IMPOSSIBLE** prescriptions
shall NOT be filled
89
# **DANGEROUS DRUG PRESCRIPTION (DBB Rx)**
how many copies
3 copies:
1 - doctor
1 - pharmacist
1 - patient
90
# **DANGEROUS DRUG PRESCRIPTION (DBB Rx)**
* belongs to the **PHARMACIST**
* the **1st** and **original** copy of the prescription
* the **highest form** of dangerous drug prescription
YELLOW prescrciption
91
# **DANGEROUS DRUG PRESCRIPTION (DBB Rx)**
* belongs to the **DOCTOR**
BLUE / PINK
92
# **DANGEROUS DRUG PRESCRIPTION (DBB Rx)**
* belongs to the **PATIENT**
GREEN
93
# **DANGEROUS DRUG PRESCRIPTION (DBB Rx)**
**YELLOW** prescription usually contains:
injectables
| but if **oral** -- it can still be filled
94
# **DANGEROUS DRUG PRESCRIPTION (DBB Rx)**
**injectables** iN **WHITE** prescription
SHALL NOT BE FILLED
| injectables should always be in yellow prescription
95
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
* involve medications that are **visually similar** in **physical appearance** or **PACKAGING** and **NAMES** of medications that have **SPELLING similarities** and/or **similar PHONETICS**
SALAD
(Sound Alike, Look Alike Drugs)
96
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
COMMON RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED:
* **illegible** handwriting
* **lack of knowledge** around drug names
* **newly available** products
* similar **packaging/labeling**
* similar **strengths**, **dosage forms**, **frequency** of administration
SALAD
97
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
* a method of applying **UPPERCASE lettering** to sections of **look-alike**, **sound alike** drug names
TALL MAN LETTERING
98
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
* are defined as medication that bear a **heightened risks** of causing **significant patient harm** when these medications are used in error
* warrant **special safeguards** during the process of health care to reduce the risk of unnecessary patient harm associated with adverese medications event such as preventable medication errors.
HIGH-ALERT MEDICATIONS
(HAMs)
99
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HIGH-ALERT MEDICATIONS (HAMs):
* it has been suggested that there are ____ **domains** that **influence** safe use of HAMs
4 DOMAINS:
* Patients and the Public
* Health care Professionals
* Systems and Practices of medication
* Medicines
100
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HIGH-ALERT MEDICATIONS:
* data analysis from **MERS** in 2019, demonstrated the **most commonly** reported **high alert medications** were (5)
* insulin
* enoxaparin
* warfarin
* fondaparinux
* heparin
101
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HIGH-ALERT MEDICATIONS:
* the **Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)** identified the **top five (5)** high alert medications, what are these
* insulin
* opiates and narcotics
* injectable potassium chloride or phosphate concentrate
* IV anticoagulants (heparin)
* sodium chloride solutions above 0.9%
102
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs:
* shall be given via **IV infusion**
* **concentrated** ____ **FATAL** if injected **UNdiluted**
Potassium chloride (KCl) injection
103
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs:
* most commonly confusion in **route of administration** (IV / IM)
Lignocaine HCl (Lidocaine HCl) injection
104
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs:
in mixing **insulin**, what should be kept in minde
CLEAR first before cloudy
105
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs:
these type of **insulin** CANNOT be mixed with other insulin because it can cause **hypoglycemia**
LONG ACTING INSULIN
106
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs | TYPES OF INSULIN:
* **Aspar**, **Lispro**
RAPID ACTING
107
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs | TYPES OF INSULIN:
* **Humulin R**, **Insulin Regular**
SHORT ACTING
108
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs | TYPES OF INSULIN:
* **NPH** (Isophane insulin)
INTERMEDIATE ACTING
109
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs | TYPES OF INSULIN:
* **Glargine**, **Detemir**
LONG ACTING
110
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs:
* anti**coagulants**
* LOW MW heparin
* blood thinners
* will cause **bleeding**
Enoxaparin & Fondaparinux
111
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
opposite drugs of heparins
Vit K
| a clotting factor
112
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs:
* for **ORAL** use ONLY
Chloral hydrate mixture
113
# **CONSIDERATIONS IN DOUBLE CHECKING FILLING IN MEDICATIONS**
HAMs:
* rapid infusion can cause **Red man syndrome**
* should be administered **gradually**
Vancomycin
114
# **PROCESSING A PHARMACY REQUEST**
DISPENSING:
* for **COMMUNITY** pharmacy
Pharmacy assistants
Pharmacists
115
# **PROCESSING A PHARMACY REQUEST**
DISPENSING:
for **HOSPITAL (institutionalized)**
Pharmacists ALONE
116
* a pharmaceutical care service targeted at **optimizing patient drug use**, **safety**, and **improving treatment outcomes**
* maybe described as **providing medication information ORALLY or in wirtten from to the pateints or their representatives** or providing **proper directions of use**, **advice on side effects**, **storage**, **diet**, and **lifestyle modifications**
PATIENT MEDICATION COUNSELLING
117
* is the process of **comparing** a **patient's medication orders** to **all of the medications that the patient has been taking**
* this is done to avoid medication errors such as **omissions**, **duplications**, **dosing errors**, or **drug interactions**
* it should be done at **every transition of care** in which new medications are ordered or existing orders are rewritten
MEDICATION RECONCILIATION
