Module 1

Question 1

CNS parts: (2)

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 2

PNS parts: (3)

Answer 2

Majority of CN, spinal nerves, and the enteric nervous system (GI tract)

Question 3

Functional divisions of PNS:

Answer 3

Autonomic, somatic, and enteric nervouse system

Question 4

Somatic:

Answer 4

Voluntary muscle movement (Efferent/motor) and conscious sensation to external stimuli (Afferent/sensory)

Question 5

Autonomic:

Answer 5

Involuntary control of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands (Efferent/motor). Also responsible for unconscious responses to internal stimuli (Afferent/sensory)

Question 6

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems are the…

Answer 6

Efferent (Motor) Autonomic system divisions

Question 7

Sympathetic nervous system:

Answer 7

Division of the efferent (motor) autonomic nervous system (of the PNS). Responsible for fight or flight (action)

Question 8

Parasympathetic nervous system:

Answer 8

Division of the efferent (motor) autonomic nervous system (of the PNS). Responsible for “rest and digest” or “feed and breed”.

Question 9

NS system functions: (general) (3)

Answer 9

Detect, organize, and control individual’s interaction with the environment

Question 10

Brain regions: (3)

Answer 10

Forebrain, brainstem, and cerebellum

Question 11

Forebrain subdomains: (3)

Answer 11

Cerebrum, thalmus, and the hypothalmus

Question 12

Cerebrum parts: (3)

Answer 12

Left and right cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, and subcortical structures

Question 13

Subcortical structures: (4)

Answer 13

Hippocampus, basal ganglia/nuclei, amygdala, and olfactory bulb

Question 14

Brain stem regions: (3)

Answer 14

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

Question 15

Gray matter: (5)

Answer 15

Neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, synapses, glia, and blood vessels (pink hue!)

Question 16

White matter: (3)

Answer 16

Myelinated axons (whitish color from lipids!), glia, and blood vessels

Question 17

Grey and White in Cortex:

Answer 17

Grey matter overlies the white matter, only 4-5 mm thick

Question 18

Grey and White in Spinal cord:

Answer 18

White matter outside, Grey matter in “horns” (internal)

Question 19

Tracts are…

Answer 19

Bundles of myelinated axons within the CNS

Question 20

Descending tract:

Answer 20

Corticospinal tract (motor)

Question 21

Ascending tract:

Answer 21

Spinothalamic tract (sensory

Question 22

Projection tracts:

Answer 22

Connects far away regions to one another and uses the spinal cord

Question 23

Commissural tracts:

Answer 23

Connects the left side to the same region on the right

Question 24

Association tracts:

Answer 24

Connects regions of the cerebral cortex to other parts of the cerebral cortex

Question 25

Most known commissural tract (of 3):

Answer 25

Corpus collosum

Question 26

Corpus collosum:

Answer 26

Large bundle of axons that contains 200 millions axons that connect each side.

Question 27

Sulcus (Sulci):

Answer 27

Depressions or fissures on the surface of the brain

Question 28

Gyrus (Gyri):

Answer 28

A ridge on the cerebral cortex

Question 29

Cerebellum ridges:

Answer 29

Folia

Question 30

Longitudinal fissue:

Answer 30

separates the L and R hemisphere

Question 31

Primary motor cortex:

Answer 31

In-front of the central sulcus

Question 32

Primary sensory cortex:

Answer 32

Behind the central sulcus

Question 33

Pre-frontal cortex:

Answer 33

Very front of frontal lobe. Cognition: emotion, behaviors, planning, problem solving. Short-term memory

Question 34

Parietal lobe:

Answer 34

Majority of somatic sensory information is received here

Question 35

Temporal lobe:

Answer 35

Gustatory cortex (taste), Olfactory cortex (smell)

Question 36

Medial temporal lobe:

Answer 36

Underneath temporal lobe. Hippocampus and amygdala.

Question 37

Visual cortex:

Answer 37

Occipital lobe

Question 38

Cerebellum:

Answer 38

balance and coordination, motor learning and language/speech

Question 39

Wernicks area:

Answer 39

Temporal lobe, language comprehension

Question 40

Hippocampus:

Answer 40

Intergrating of long term memories

Question 41

Broca's area:

Answer 41

Frontal lobe: speech production

Question 42

Ridges and distinctive areas of the skull:

Answer 42

Cranial fossa: important becasue they are contact points for the meninges

Question 43

Meninges: (3 layers)

Answer 43

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater

Question 44

Dura mater:

Answer 44

Tough and thick protective tissue. Blood vessels present here

Question 45

Arachnoid mater:

Answer 45

spider like granulations, resorbs CSF into blood stream

Question 46

Pia Mater:

Answer 46

runs into sulci and gyri, keeps CSF within brain and maintains extracellular enviroment

Question 47

CSF: (3)

Answer 47

Found in the ventricular system and subarachnoid regions. Allows brain to float. Generated by ependymal cells in the choriod plexus

Question 48

Ventricular system:

Answer 48

Produces CSF and circulates it throughout cavities.

Question 49

Blood supply to the brain depends on:

Answer 49

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.

Question 50

Internal carotid arteries:

Answer 50

Branch from common carotid arteries and supplies blood to the anterior and middle regions of the brain

Question 51

Vertebral arteries:

Answer 51

Arise from the subclavian arteries, supplies the posterior part of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 52

Jugular vein:

Answer 52

Returns blood from the venous plexus to the superior vena cava for recirculation