MODULE 1&2

Question 1

a quantitative change in an individual as they progress in chronological age. (eg. size, height, weight)

Answer 1

GROWTH

Question 2

a progressive series of changes of an orderly and coherent type toward the goal of maturity.

Answer 2

DEVELOPMENT

Question 3

a sense that changes are directional, leaning towards something positive. There is a definite relationship among the stages in the development sequence

Answer 3

PROGRESSIVE

Question 4

ARTICLE 1 of the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child DEFINE CHILD AS ________

Answer 4

EVERY HUMAN BEING BELOW THE AGE OF 18

Question 5

From WHO: where significant physical, psychological, and social changes occur.

Answer 5

ADOLOSCENCE - second decade of life
(10-19 yrs old)

Question 6

the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the life span.
Development includes growth and decline and
can be positive or negative.

Answer 6

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Question 7

FOUR Domains of HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Answer 7

Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, and Social

Question 8

genes and hereditary factors
- Physical appearance
- Personality
- Characteristics

Answer 8

NATURE

Question 9

environmental variables
- childhood experiences
- how we are raised
- social relationships
- surronding culture

Answer 9

NURTURE

Question 10

Two approaches on Human Development

_____________ if you believe that a person will show extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, decline in late old age

Answer 10

TRADITIONAL

Question 11

Two approaches on Human Development

__________ if you believe that even in adulthood,
developmental change takes place as it does during childhood.

Answer 11

LIFE-SPAN APPROACH

Question 12

Development is Lifelong > _________

Answer 12

it does not end in childhood

Question 13

Development involves plasticity

what does “plasticity” refer to?

Answer 13

it refers to potential for change

Question 14

No one is too old to learn ___________

Answer 14

Development is possible throughout the
lifespan.

Question 15

Development is Multidimensional

Answer 15

a process that is complex because it is the product of
biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional
processes.

Question 16

A. Development is relatively orderly.

___________ - “head to tail”

Answer 16

The Cephalacaudal Principle

Question 17

A development that starts from the head and works down the body

Answer 17

The Cephalacaudal Principle

Question 18

A. Development is relatively orderly.

___________ - “near and far”

Answer 18

The Proximodistal Principle

Question 19

From the center of the body out towards the distal ends or extremities

Answer 19

The Proximodistal Principle

Question 20

________________ does not happen overnight. It takes weeks, months, years for a person to undergo changes

Answer 20

Development takes place gradually

Question 21

_____________ individuals respond and act on contexts. Biological make-up, physical environment, historical,
social, and cultural contexts may vary for each person, therefore these make individuals develop diferently from others.

Answer 21

Development is contextual

Question 22

Development includes ________, ____________
and ___________

Answer 22

growth, maintenance and regulation

Question 23

Involves the large muscles in the arms, legs, and torso.

Answer 23

Gross Motor Skills

Question 24

Basis for fine motor skills and relate to body awareness, reaction speed, balance and strength.

Answer 24

Gross Motor Skills

Question 25

Gross Motor Skills involves ________

Answer 25

body awareness, reaction speed, balance and strength.

Question 26

Involves the smaller muscles

Answer 26

Fine Motor Skills

Question 27

Fine Motor Skills involves

Answer 27

Grasping and manipulation objects, vision (visual motor skills), hand-eye coordination.

Question 28

Development proceeds from the head downward.

Answer 28

CEPHALOCAUDAL PRINCIPLE

Question 29

Child gains control of:

Answer 29

- Head - Arms - Legs

Question 30

control their heads and shoulders before they can use their legs eficiently.

Answer 30

INFANTS

Question 31

6-12 months, _________ start to gain leg control and may be able to crawl, stand, or walk.

Answer 31

INFANTS

Question 32

__________ of arms always precedes coordination of leg

Answer 32

COORDINATION

Question 33

NEAR > FAR

Answer 33

Proximodistal Principle

Question 34

Development proceeds from the center of the body outward. (eg. children gain control of the arms and hands before acquiring control of their fingers)

Answer 34

Proximodistal Principle

Question 35

The spinal cord develops before the outer parts of the body.

Answer 35

Proximodistal Princinple

Question 36

Children's arms develop before the hands. The hands and feet develop before fingers and toes

Answer 36

Proximodistal Principle

Question 37

- Brain development - Physical and motor development - Factors affecting development (nutrition, early sensory stimulation, stress)

Answer 37

Physical Development

Question 38

Most dramatic changes: spreading connections of dendrites

Answer 38

Brain Development

Question 39

the process by which the axons are covered and insulated by layers of fat cells, begins prenatally and continues until birth.

Answer 39

Myelination

Question 40

Newborn brain ______ brain development, second birthday _____ brain development

Answer 40

25% and 75%

Question 41

2 to 3.5 kg at birth

Answer 41

Newborn Baby

Question 42

- Loses 150-200gms in 3-4 days due to adjustment to neonatal feeding - Grows rapidly and doubles the weight by 6 months - Birth wights usually triples by year 1

Answer 42

Height and Weight

Question 43

- Birth: 40-50 cm - In one year: 11/2 times of length at birth

Answer 43

Length

Question 44

- involuntary movements - Disappears during the first 6 months to 1 year. - Reflexes that continue to serve protective functions remain. (e.g. blinking, yawning, coughing, gagging, sneezing, shivering, and pupillary reflex)

Answer 44

Newborn Reflexes

Question 45

Central incisor

Answer 45

Lower Front Teeth

Question 46

First appears at the lower front teeth (Central incisor) between __________

Answer 46

5-6 months

Question 47

______ comes the upper incisor

Answer 47

7th month

Question 48

Upper side teeth (canines)

Answer 48

8th month

Question 49

Lower canines

Answer 49

9-10 months

Question 50

20 milk teeths at _________

Answer 50

3 years old

Question 51

- At birth: bones are soft and contain more cartilage tissues - As the child grows: calcium gets deposited in the bones

Answer 51

Development of Bones and Muscles

Question 52

the continuous process of deposition of calcium in the bone, the reason why children rarely fracture their bones when they fall

Answer 52

Ossification

Question 53

- Head of the newborn: 1/2th the size of the body - As the child grows: the body becomes more proportionate

Answer 53

Changes in body proportion

Question 54

Physical Growth rapid period of growth

Answer 54

Infancy

Question 55

Physical Growth slows down while gradually adding weight and height

Answer 55

Elementary Years

Question 56

Physical Growth can influence how they are perceived by others

Answer 56

Children's physical size and attractiveness

Question 57

Physical Growth 10-12 (girls) 12-14 (boys)

Answer 57

Puberty

Question 58

Late Childhood Characteristics Height

Answer 58

2-3 in. annual increase

Question 59

Late Childhood Characteristics Weight

Answer 59

Increase is more variable from 3-5 lbs annually

Question 60

Late Childhood Characteristics Body Proportion

Answer 60

Forehead broadens, and flattens, lips fill out, nose become larger, head still proportionately too large for the body

Question 61

Late Childhood Characteristics Homeliness

Answer 61

Body disproportions more pronounced

Question 62

Late Childhood Characteristics Muscle-Fat Ratio

Answer 62

Fat tissues develop more rapidly than muscle tissues with growth spurts

Question 63

Late Childhood Characteristics Teeth

Answer 63

Normally has 28 of the 32 permanent teeth

Question 64

Motor skills that involve large muscle activities - Infancy - learning to walk - Childhood - improve running, jumping, climbing, learn sports skills - Adolescence - skills to continue to improve - Adulthood - peak performance of most sports before 30; slow decline with age

Answer 64

Gross Motor Skills

Question 65

Involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity - Infancy: reaching and grasping - Early childhood: pick up small objects, build towers - Childhood and Adolescence: writing and drawing skills emerge and improve - Adulthood: speed may decline in middle and late adulthood, but most use compensation strategies.

Answer 65

Fine Motor Skills

Question 66

- Early sensory stimulation - Nutrition - Maternal nutrition - Child nutrition - Extremely low birth weight - Physical abuse and neglect - Pollution - Chronic medical problems - Obesity

Answer 66

Influence on Physical Development

Question 67

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS infants living in households with a __________________ develop slower and have less favorable outcomes than other children do.

Answer 67

low socioeconomic status

Question 68

Parents of these infants may be highly stressed and they may work ________ - which could result in having ________________________

Answer 68

multiple jobs AND less time to spend with their children.

Question 69

Factors often associated with poverty can affect infants' cognitive development. Similarly, ______________________________________________________ - develop slower than other children do

Answer 69

infants living in dysfunctional households regardless of socioeconomic status

Question 70

Developmental Tasks and Developmental Stages proposed that human development can be thought of as a process of moving through stages, whereby each stage has its own tasks which must be solved

Answer 70

Robert Havighurst (1948)

Question 71

which arises at or about a certain period in the life of an individual, successful achievement of which leads to happiness and to success with later, while failure leads to unhappiness in the indiviual…and difficulty with later task

Answer 71

Havighurst

Question 72

__________ views __________ as essential in human life.

Answer 72

John Santrock and lifespan development

Question 73

According to __________, development is defined as, “a pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues throughout the life span; although it also includes decline brought on by aging, ending with death.”

Answer 73

John W. Santrock (2015)

Question 74

3 BASIC DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OR DOMAIN

Answer 74

PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL COGNITIVE

Question 75

Biological changes that occur in the body _____________ and ___________________

Answer 75

Gross Motor and Fine Motor Skills

Question 76

- Changes in the way we think, understand and reason about the world. - Learning, understanding, problem-solving, reasoning, and remembering.

Answer 76

Cognitive Development

Question 77

- Changes in the way we connect to others and express and understand emotions. - Friendship, self-awareness, self-concept, coping skills, and self regulation.

Answer 77

Socio-Emotional Development

Question 78

Involves tremendous growth from a single cell to an organism complete with all the vital organs and behavioral capacities

Answer 78

Pre-Natal Period

Question 79

- presence of early reflexes that would eventually disappear - a lot of “firsts” - a time of extreme dependence on adults - children at this stage are great imitators - cooing to babbling and one-word speech - from crawling to walking - Egocentrism “Terrible Twos

Answer 79

Infancy (Birth to 2 years old)

Question 80

- coordination and balance improve - handedness become evident - self care activities have become routines rather than challenges - play becomes an essential element of development - growth in self-concept and self-esteem - conscience starts to develop

Answer 80

Early Childhood (3 to 5 years old)

Question 81

- elementary school age - more opportunities to be exposed to people and bigger environment - cognitive skills becomes more complex - independent responsibilities - in late childhood, first signs of puberty usually begin to appear - seeks parent and peer approval

Answer 81

Middle and Late Childhood (6 to 12 years old)

Question 82

- period of physical/biological changes - appearance consciousness - unpredictable moods - attraction towards the opposite sex - attains maturity in logical and moral thinking - seeks greater independence - starts thinking about possible career path

Answer 82

Adolescence (13 to 18 years old)

Question 83

- time for work and love - tertiary level of education happens to lead to a lifetime career - assuming civic responsibility - starting career or family

Answer 83

Early Adulthood (19 to 29 years old)

Question 84

- signs of aging start to appear - becoming parents/grandparents - launching children to their own lives adjusting to an - - “empty nest” - career stability and achievements - acting as caregivers for aging parents or spouse

Answer 84

Middle AdultHood (30 - 60 years old)

Question 85

- adjusting to decreasing strength and health - adjusting to death of spouse - adjusting to retirement - at peace about one’s mortality - meeting social and civic responsibilities

Answer 85

Late AdultHood (61 and Above years old)