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module 1 Flashcards

Imagining Health Problems as Social Issues (61 cards)

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1
Q

What is sociology

A

a social science that examines human society

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2
Q

this is a social science that examines human society

A

sociology

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3
Q

Sociology: examples of social institutions (2)

A

family, health care

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4
Q

examples of social norms and values

A

gender ideals

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5
Q

Sociology : social roles, …, and , ….

A

interactions, relationships

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6
Q

Sociology: The influence of social position on individual/group experience (e.g…..)

A

social determinants of health

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7
Q

What is the sociology of health. Sociology of health explores how society shapes and constrains …… ……

A

individual health

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8
Q

When I say sociology of health explores how society shapes and constrains individual health. What are some examples of society (3)

A

social norms, social interactions, social relationships

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9
Q

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” - who is this quote by

A

world health organization (WHO)

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10
Q

Health is not just the ….. of something

A

absence

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11
Q

Health is something we …. ( or do not ….)

A

have, have

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12
Q

Health also introduces the concept of ….. and …. ….. in addition to physical health

A

mental, and social wellbeing

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13
Q

What are the two models of health

A

a biomedical model
a social model

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14
Q

Biomedical model of health assumes “health and illness are ….. biological states”

A

objective

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15
Q

Biomedical model of health says that health is an ……. ……..

A

individual responsibility

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16
Q

Biomedical model of health suggests (3 things)

A

cure disease
limit disability
reduce risk

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17
Q

Biomedical model of health says that based on the diagnosis and explanation of illness as a ….. of the body’s biological mechanisms

A

malfunction

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18
Q

What does the biomedical model of health underpin

A

most health professions and health care services

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19
Q

Biomedical model of health focuses on treating ….. and not the origin of ……

A

individuals
illness

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20
Q

Biomedical conceptualization of illness and disease.
“Disease is an objectively measurable pathology of the physical body, which is the result of ….. parts of the body. Cure is through ……, ……, [behaviour modification through lifestyle change ], or other ‘heroic’ means. Hospitals, as places for the practice of high-tech medicine, are of the primary importance”

A

malfunctioning
chemotherapeutic
surgical,

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21
Q

Biomedical model of health defining characteristics (4)

A
  1. Cartesian mind/body dualism
  2. Machine metaphor
    3.Doctrine of ‘specific etiology’
  3. Technological imperative
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22
Q
  1. Cartesian mind/body dualism.
    17th century french philosopher Rene Descartes said: “ “
A

“I think, therefore i am”

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23
Q
  1. Cartesian mind/body dualism:
    Mind and Body = …… (…..)
A

separate (dualism)

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24
Q
  1. Cartesian mind/body dualism:
    Brain ->
    Mind->
A

physical body
spiritual realm

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25
1. Cartesian Mind/Body Dualism (cont'd) -Disease/illness in the body -> health interventions focus on .... -Psychological/subjective (experiential) aspects of illness are ..... -Body-> .... -mind/spirit -> ......
body ignored medical professionals religious authorities
26
2.Body as machine metaphor -Body = definition?
machine of discrete parts (organs, bones, etc)
27
2.Body as machine metaphor disease and illness = "....." of the body
breakdown
28
2. Body as machine metaphor -Health practitioners work to "....." body
repair
29
2.Body as machine metaphor Highlights the idea that body parts exist in ...... from each other, and moreover, separated from a person's ....,.....,and ..... context
isolation social cultural environmental
30
3.Doctrine of 'specific etiology' Doctrine = definition? Etiology = definition?
-set of beliefs or teachings -a cause or an origin
31
3. Doctrine of 'specific etiology' -the belief that for each disease, there is a specific .....
cause
32
3. Doctrine of 'specific etiology' -Disease assumed to originate '.... .... ..... ...." (Barry & Yulli, 2008, p.26)
from specific and knowable causes
33
3. Doctrine of 'specific etiology' -Disease assumed to originate 'from specific and knowable causes" (Barry & Yulli, 2008, p.26). What are some examples
germ/virus/micro-organism OR a trauma (accident)
34
3. Doctrine of 'specific etiology' -Leads to search for a '... ...."
magic bullet
35
3. Doctrine of 'specific etiology' -leads to search for a 'magic bullet'. What are 3 examples of that magic bullet
medication surgery treatment
36
4.Technological imperative -treatment/repair of the body are done through technological .....
interventions
37
4. Technological imperative what are some examples of treatment/repair of the body through technological interventions (3)
-prescription medications -radiation/chemotherapy -surgery (experts apply these technologies to the body )
38
Limits of the biomedical model 1. The fallacy of the 'specific etiology' doctrine. Why is this a limitation
we can't identify the origin of every disease
39
Limits of the biomedical model 2.Objectification and medical scientism. provide an example
-if you have a patient infront of you who has diabetes you might be looking at their symptoms and making some assumptions and saying your organs are not properly functioning. your insulin response is inadequate. Only looking at that is not going to lead to a cure, because you need to understand life, as in other circumstances that may have contributed to that
40
limits of †he biomedical model 3. reductionism and biological determinism explain this
you personal, subjective going ons are ignored and you are reduced just to you, your biological entity and your physiological entity
41
limits of biomedial model 4. Victim blaming explain this
if someone is struggling with obesity - you may say this is your fault either your genetics rather than looking at the life circumstances they have that might render them to limited choices
42
Social model of health assumes ..... related to / determined by various social factors
health
43
Social model of health assumes health related to/determined by various social factors like (4)
income education gender culture
44
Social model of health -promoting health should be a ..... (rather than ....) responsibility
social individual
45
Social model of health -aims to prevent ....., reduce health ....., and address underlying ..... causes of illness
illness inequities social
46
social conceptualization of illness and disease -"disease is best understood as the result of ....-.... .... in [age], class gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and environmental conditions such as air and water pollution, dangerous and stressful work, harmful organization of major societal institutions such as family and education
-social-structural inequalities
47
what are the 3 defining characteristics of the social of health
1. Social production/distribution of health and illness 2.Social construction of health and illness 3.Social organization of health care
48
1.Social production/distribution of health and illness -illness = definition? (3)
an individual's social environment (e.g. living conditions, work environment, socioeconomic status, etc)
49
1.Social production/distribution of health and illness What does it mean by "risk-imposing factors'
are the social conditions that put certain groups at higher risk of illness or poor health.
50
2. Social construction og health and illness is saying: "what is considered to be a ..... in one culture or tine period may be considered ..... elsewhere at other times"
disease normal/health
51
what is an example of social construction of health and illness
homosexuality
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3. Social organization of health care -how health services are ...., ...., and used .... influence health and fitness
funded organized collectively
53
What is an example of social organization of health
canadian health care system
54
Social model of health: How to cure illness/disease (3)
1. Public Policy 2.State intervention to alleviate health and social inequalities 3. Community participation , advocacy, and political lobbying
55
Limits of social model of health 1. Achieving equality/equity is ..... and .....
utopian unachievable
56
Limits of the Social Model of Health 2.Over emphasis on medicine as '.....'
harmful
57
Why is the over-emphasis on medicine harmful for the limits of the social model of health
it can detract from exploring biological causes
58
Limits of the social model of health 3. Solutions are ..... , ....., and ..... to implement
compelx costly difficult
59
Limits of the social model of health -under- emphasis on .... responsibility for health
individual
60
Note: Adopting a social model does not diminish the fact that illnesses are also (2)
physiological and biological
61
We need both models biomedical and social for a ... approach
holistic
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