Module 1

Question 1

Transcription factors function

Answer 1

Regulate gene expression by controlling the rate of DNA transcription into mRNA.

Question 2

Last base of an exon is ususally

Answer 2

G

Question 3

Alpha satelite DNA

Answer 3

Highly repetitive non-coding DNA that is found at the centromere of all human chromosomes

Question 4

Alpha satelite DNA function

Answer 4

Facilitates proper chromosomal segregation during meiosis and mitosis by being the site of kinetochore assembly

Question 5

Kinetochore assembly

Answer 5

Process during mitosis where a large multi-protein complex forms on centromere

Question 6

Chromosomal segregation

Answer 6

Dividing and distributing replicated chromosomes into two daughter cells in mitosis and meiosis

Question 7

Kinetochore assembly function

Answer 7

Creates a physical bridge linking chromosomes to spindle microtubules

Question 8

CENP-A

Answer 8

Is the foundation of the kinetochore

Question 9

Telomeres length

Answer 9

~10 bp repeat sequences

Question 10

Telomerase function

Answer 10

Prevents cellular aging by adding repetitive sequences to telomeres.

Question 11

Transposons % of human genome and function

Answer 11

~45%
Not thought of as functional, but can be linked to disease

Question 12

What are transposons?

Answer 12

DNA sequences capable of moving or copying themselves to new positions in a genome

Question 13

% of the genome that is transcribed

Answer 13

~60%

Question 14

tRNA

Answer 14

An adapter RNA molecule that bridges the gap between mRNA and amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 15

rRNA

Answer 15

The primary structural and catalytic component of ribosomes

Question 16

rRNA function

Answer 16

Facilitates the binding of mRNA and tRNA. Catalyses the peptide bond formation between amino acids

Question 17

miRNA function

Answer 17

Regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA and acting as post-translational brakes that silence genes by degrading mRNA or blocking protein production

Question 18

lncRNAs function

Answer 18

Regulate gene expression

Question 19

Main mechanism to increase protein diversity

Answer 19

Alternative splicing - one gene encodes for more than one protein

Question 20

Histones

Answer 20

Proteins found in the nuclei that act as spools for DNA, organising it into nucleosomes

Question 21

Histone H1 function

Answer 21

Liner histone. This sits outside the core nucleosome and helps control the spacing of the nucleosomes

Question 22

Topoisomerase II function

Answer 22

Helps manage coiling of DNA

Question 23

Condensin function

Answer 23

Condenses DNA

Question 24

Cohesin function

Answer 24

Links DNA

Question 25

Chromatin

Answer 25

Loose uncoiled DNA, allows for transcription

Question 26

Euchromatin

Answer 26

Loose open form of chromatin

Question 27

Heterochromatin

Answer 27

Condensed form of chromatin

Question 28

Multiple cloning site

Answer 28

Short segment of DNA in a plasmid vector that contains several unique restriction enzyme recognition sites

Question 29

CFTR

Answer 29

Protein that inserts into cells and allows passage of chloride

Question 30

DNA loading buffer function

Answer 30

Acts as an anchor, preventing the light DNA from floating out of the wells

Question 31

DNA stain function

Answer 31

Binds to DNA and fluoresces when exposed to UV light

Question 32

Number of H bonds between A and T

Answer 32

2

Question 33

Number of H bonds between C and G

Answer 33

3

Question 34

Bases are added onto _____ end

Answer 34

3'

Question 35

What are the building blocks used by DNAP to make new DNA strands?

Answer 35

dNTPs (rNTPs for RNA)