Module 1

Question 1

What are pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

how a drug changes the body. Focused on mechanisms of action and relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body

Question 2

What is the frequency distribution curve in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 2

A graph showing if drug; worked or not

Question 3

What is the median effective dose (ED50) in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 3

• drug required to produce specific therapeutic response in 50% of clients
• average dose does not apply to everyone

Question 4

What is the median lethal dose (LD50) in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 4

• the dose of drug that would be lethal in 50% of patients

Question 5

What is the median toxicity dose (TD50) in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 5

• the dose required to produce given toxicity in 50% of patients

Question 6

What is dose-response relationship in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 6

• Phase I = very few target cells are affected by drug
• Phase II = shows linear relationship between drug and response
• Phase III = plateau, where no further response occurs with higher does

Question 7

What is potency in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 7

the measure of drug activity or “power”. The more potent = less is needed

Question 8

What is efficacy in pharmacodynamics?

Answer 8

the ability to produce the desired result

Question 9

What are drug receptors?

Answer 9

When cells receive information form their environment through receptors to cause a response

Question 10

Types of drug receptors responses?

Answer 10

• ligand = a molecule that binds to a receptor
• affinity = the face by which atoms are health together -> the strength of attraction between a receptor and a ligand = magnet
• agonist = drug that produces the same type of response as an endogenous susbstance (> or = response)

Question 11

What is a drug interaction?

Answer 11

when a substance increases or decreases a drugs action

Question 12

3 types of drug interactions in pharmacodynamics

Answer 12

• additive effect = 2 drugs that provide the same therapeutic action are combined (2 antihypertensives)
• synergistic effect = effect of 2 drugs combined is greater than would be expected than just adding the 2 individual drug actions
• antagonistic effect = 2 drugs have opposite effects

Question 13

What is drug tolerance?

Answer 13

increasing the dosage of a drug to produce the same magnitude of effect

Question 14

What is drug dependence?

Answer 14

• physical dependence = when the body adapts to repeated use of a substance - altered environment as normal
• when they stop taking the drug abruptly they experience withdrawal

Question 15

What are the 4Cs of addiction?

Answer 15

• craving
• loss of control
• compulsion of use
• use despite of consequences