Module 1: CMOP-E

Question 1

What is theory?

Answer 1

Theories are organized systems of ideas used to help explain or predict how things work

(Theories explain why things are the way they are)

Question 2

What is the purpose of a theory?

Answer 2

Theory supports everything we do. Practice models, approaches, and frameworks are rooted in theory.

Question 3

What is the purpose of occupational therapy theory?

Answer 3

Occupational therapy theory helps us to anticipate and address people’s occupational participation.

Occupational therapy theory changes as we continue to gather evidence.

Question 4

What is the difference between a theory and model?

Answer 4

A model describes but does not explain. Theories are more likely to have tested hypotheses to explain phenomena.

In occupational therapy, the words theories and models are used interchangeably.

Question 5

What is a paradigm?

Answer 5

Ideas, themes, values, around which theories and models are developed

Question 6

What are two TYPES of theories about occupation?

Answer 6

1. Generic theories

2. Specific theory

Question 7

What are generic theories about occupation?

Answer 7

• Generic theories provide a “big picture” view of occupation
• They are applicable to different settings and populations
• They consider aspects about occupation (self-care, productivity, and leisure)
• They do not focus on discrete aspects of the person and environment.

Example: MOHO, Kawa River Model, CMOP-E

Question 8

What are specific theories about occupation?

Answer 8

Specific theories provide an “up-close” view of the person and environment components, are applied only in specific settings and populations. It is possible to use more than one specific theory at a point in time.

Question 9

What are two TYPES of generic models

Answer 9

A. Conceptual model - models that guide our thinking about understanding people as occupational beings (CMOP-E, Kawa MOHO, PEO)

B. Practice process models - models that guide our actions (CPPF)

Question 10

Why is adhering to theory important in occupational therapy practice?

Answer 10

Applying a theoretical approach:

• Helps to shape our thinking and actions
• Is a means to communicate with and engage with clients
• Generic theories gives a broad view
• Specific theories allows us to dig deeper into component factors

Question 11

What are examples of factors that influence theory selection? (Provide at least two examples)

Answer 11

1. Client goals
2. Therapist’s past experience and competency
3. Therapist’s knowledge
4. Practice setting
5. Accessibility of literature, education

Question 12

Define occupation

Answer 12

Occupation can be defined as everything people do in order to occupy themselves including, self-care, leisure, and productivity. It can also be defined as the activities or things that people do that give people meaning and purpose.

Question 13

What are some basic assumptions about occupation? (Name at least two)

Answer 13

1. Humans are occupational beings
2. Occupation has the potential for therapeutic value
3. Occupation bring meaning to life (cultural and personal)
4. Occupations organize time and bring structure to life
5. Occupations are idiosyncratic
6. Not all occupations lead to health

Question 14

Regarding occupational therapy values and beliefs, what are some values and beliefs about occupation?

Answer 14

1. Occupation gives meaning to life
2. Occupation is an important determinant of health, well-being and justice
3. Occupation organizes behaviour
4. Occupation develops and changes overtime
5. Occupation shapes and is shaped by environment
6. Occupation has therapeutic value

Question 15

Regarding occupational therapy values and beliefs, what are some values and beliefs about the person?

Answer 15

1. Humans are occupational beings
2. Every person is unique
3. Every person has intrinsic dignity and worth
4. Every person has the right to make choices about life
5. Every person has the right to self-determination
6. People have some ability to participate in occupation
7. People have the potential to change
8. People are social and spiritual beings
9. People have diverse abilities for participating in occupation
10. People shape and are shaped by their environments

Question 16

Regarding occupational therapy values and beliefs, what are some values and beliefs about the environment?

Answer 16

1. The environment includes cultural, physical, institutional and social components
2. The environment influences choice, organization, performance, and satisfaction in occupations

Question 17

Regarding occupational therapy values and beliefs, what are some values and beliefs about health, well-being, and justice?

Answer 17

1. Health is more than just the absence of disease
2. Health is strongly influenced by having choice and control in everyday occupations
3. Health has personal dimensions associated with spiritual meaning and satisfaction in occupations
4. Well-being extends beyond quality of life
5. Justice concerns are for meaningful choice and social inclusion, so that all people may participate fully as possible in society

Question 18

Regarding occupational therapy values and beliefs, what are some values and beliefs about client-centred practice?

Answer 18

1. Clients are experts regarding their own occupations

2. Clients must have active partners in the occupational therapy process

Question 19

What is the Taxonomic Code of Occupational Performance (TCOP)?

Answer 19

It specifies different levels of performance related to occupation, from least complex to most complex.

1. Voluntary movements/mental processes
2. Action (set of movements)
3. Task (set of actions towards an outcome)
4. Activity (groups of tasks)
5. Occupation (group of activities that bring meaning and value)

Question 20

What are the three occupational purposes defined by the CMOP?

Answer 20

1. Self-care
2. Productivity
3. Leisure

Question 21

What are the two important functions that the CMOP achieved for the profession of occupational therapy?

Answer 21

1. Specified the three core constructs of occupation (self-care, productivity, and leisure)
2. Provided a graphical representation to explain that occupations occurs as a results of a dynamic interaction between person, occupation, and environment

Question 22

Why was the CMOP-E created?

Answer 22

The CMOP-E added “engagement” to the model to differentiate between performing an occupation (going through the motions, to take the necessary actions to complete an activity) and engaging in an occupation (performing/involvement in an occupation with personal value attached to participation).

(i.e, a swimmer who loves to swim eventually dislikes swimming because of the pressure of competition and no longer values the activity, yet still continues to swim. Overtime, the swimmer is still performing the occupation but is no longer engaged)

Question 23

What are the key concepts related to the person in the CMOP-E?

Answer 23

Performance and engagement components

• Cognitive
• Affective
• Physical

Essence components:
- Spirituality (centre of the model)

Question 24

What are the key concepts related to occupation in the CMOP-E?

Answer 24

• Self-care
• Productivity
• Leisure

Question 25

What are the key concepts related to the environment in the CMOP-E?

Answer 25

- Cultural - Institutional - Physical - Social

Question 26

Provide an example of a voluntary movement, action, task and activity related to an occupation.

Answer 26

``` Occupation: gardening Activity: watering the garden Task: turning on the hose Action: squeezing the trigger Voluntary movement: IP flexion ``` ``` Occupation: making dinner Activity: roasting chicken Task: baste chicken Action: squeeze baster Voluntary movement: finger flexion ``` ``` Occupation: getting dressed Activity: put on pants Task: choose what pants to wear Action: look through wardrobe Voluntary movement: scanning ```

Question 27

What is at the centre of the PEO Model?

Answer 27

Occupational performance and engagement

Question 28

Define spirituality according to the CMOP-E.

Answer 28

Spirituality is the essence of life, it is uniquely what it means to be human, it tells us about what people value and find meaning in

Question 29

What are some questions you could ask to understand someone's spiritually?

Answer 29

- Who is "x?" - What motivates or drives "x?" - What adjectives/qualities describe "x?" - What is important or meaningful to "x?"

Question 30

Define the cognitive, affective, and physical abilities related to the person

Answer 30

- Cognitive: thinking (memory, executive function, information processing) - Affective: feeling (both intra and interpersonal) - Physical: sensory and motor abilities

Question 31

Define the different types of environment in the CMOP-E

Answer 31

- Physical: built or natural environment, tools and equipment - Social: interpersonal spheres (school, family, friends) - Cultural: customs and traditions related to any aspect of group identity (culture of a club, workplace, of a religious group etc.) - Institutional:

Question 32

What is the purpose(s) of the CMOP-E?

Answer 32

1. Helps to organize thoughts 2. Provides a well-rounded understanding of a person, their strengths, and challenges 3. Provides a holistic view of individuals and their environment 4. Helps to understand a person's priorities 5. Centres occupation