Module 1 - Foundational Knowledge And Basic Science Flashcards

Question

What do **physical therapists** assist patients in improving?

Answer 1

* Mobility * Strength * Range of motion ## Footnote They focus on rehabilitation and recovery from injuries.

Answer 2

Various imaging equipment ## Footnote X-rays, CT Scanners, MRI Machines, and Ultrasound devices

Answer 3

Medical doctors (MDs) and osteopathic providers (DOs) are licensed physicians whose primary responsibility is to manage patient care. ## Footnote Nurse practitioners can also manage patient care independently in some states, though in most, they must work under the direction of a physician.

Answer 4

Medical practice acts ## Footnote These acts ensure that medical care providers have adequate knowledge and skills.

Answer 5

State board of medical examiners ## Footnote They ensure compliance with state regulations.

Answer 6

* Examination * Reciprocity * Endorsement ## Footnote Each method has specific requirements and processes.

Answer 7

TRUE ## Footnote This is a standard requirement for licensure.

Answer 8

Automatic recognition of requirements met by another state ## Footnote This allows for easier licensure across state lines. (Mutual Agreement)

Answer 9

Pass the state board exam ## Footnote This is necessary to practice medicine in that state.

Answer 10

No ## Footnote This is an example of varying state regulations.

Answer 11

Licensing credentials through the Washington State Department of Health ## Footnote This highlights the differences in state requirements.

Answer 12

* Retake the certification exam * Complete 10 hours of continuing education ## Footnote Certification is valid for two years.

Answer 13

The process of a state/territory granting a license to an applicant who is licensed in good standing at the equivalent designation in another jurisdiction. (Evaluation)

Answer 14

Care that occurs while the patient is admitted to a hospital or facility ## Footnote Inpatient care involves a stay in a healthcare facility for treatment.

Answer 15

Care received in an outpatient facility ## Footnote Examples such as an Urgent Care or Physician offices.

Answer 16

Outpatient care settings for routine visits, including: * Wellness checks * Prevention counseling * Chronic conditions * Medication management * Minor acute needs ## Footnote Primary care will be discussed in more detail later in the module.

Answer 17

Outpatient facilities for patients with complex or severe diseases, where specialists provide routine visits ## Footnote These clinics focus on specific diseases or conditions.

Answer 18

Care provided to those who cannot easily leave home, including: * Physical therapy * Occupational therapy * Speech therapy * Skilled nursing ## Footnote Home health must be prescribed and overseen by a provider, typically a primary care provider.

Answer 19

To bring health care to communities lacking access to services ## Footnote Mobile health units use specialized medical equipment and transportation to provide care.

Answer 20

End-of-life care focused on comfort rather than curative efforts ## Footnote Patients qualify for hospice care if they have a terminal illness at the end stage.

Answer 21

FALSE ## Footnote Hospice care can be delivered as outpatient or inpatient care.

Answer 22

ambulating safely ## Footnote Walking from places without falling or injury, using a helper, or device like canes

Answer 23

A partnership between a patient and their care team in which total health is the focus and not just a single condition. A health care team consists of a provider (physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant), CMAA, CCMA, nurses, and pharmacist.

Answer 24

* Follow-up on medication adjustments * Chronic condition review and discussion * Patient education * Evaluation of minor or common rashes and skin concerns * Follow-up on new medical equipment, such as a CPAP machine * Discussion of lab results ## Footnote Telehealth can be an excellent option for various aspects of care.

Answer 25

* Diagnostic testing, such as imaging or lab work * New pain symptoms * Physical examination ## Footnote Certain medical evaluations cannot be conducted virtually.

Answer 26

TRUE ## Footnote Responsibilities include scheduling visits, gathering patient information, and participating in the actual visit.

Answer 27

A feature in electronic health records allowing patients to view personal health information ## Footnote Portals may include test results, visit notes, and secure messaging options.

Answer 28

Uploading information ## Footnote MAs assist patients with enrolling and understanding the portal's functionality.

Answer 29

Gathering a history ## Footnote MAs also verify medication and pharmacy information and set an agenda.

Answer 30

System used by private insurance companies and not-for-profits in which insurance carriers determine the allowed charge either by a fee schedule or through service benefits that define covered services but not necessarily the exact payments. ## Footnote The risk of this model is that it can lead to unnecessary visits, tests, and procedures for the profit of those providing care.

Answer 31

* Improved patient outcomes * Improved patient satisfaction * Lower cost * Health care professional well-being | Cost determined by the value to the patient and their long-term health. ## Footnote These goals reflect the shift towards a more holistic approach in health care.

Answer 32

An umbrella term for plans that provide health care in return for preset scheduled payments and coordinated care through a defined network of providers and hospitals ## Footnote Managed care aims to control costs while ensuring quality care. Ex: HMO, PPO, and POS

Answer 33

* Patients are assigned a per-member, per-month payment * Payment rates are tied to expected usage * Providers are incentivized to avoid high-cost procedures ## Footnote Capitation can be partial or full, affecting how services are paid.

Answer 34

Referrals to specialists and precertification for hospital admissions ## Footnote HMOs contract with medical centers to provide preventive and acute care.

Answer 35

More flexibility than HMO plans, allowing direct access to specialists without referrals ## Footnote Patients can see providers in or out of their network, with cost differences.

Answer 36

* Allows self-referral to specialists * No assigned PCP needed * Cost depends on provider network ## Footnote POS plans combine features of both HMO and PPO plans. Based on lower medical costs in exchange for more limited choice.

Answer 37

A medical insurance group that provides coverage of health care services for a period of time and a fixed annual fee.

Answer 38

A network of physicians, other health care practitioners, and hospitals that have joined together to contract with insurance companies, employers, or other organizations to provide health care to subscribers for a discounted fee

Answer 39

* Treat acute and chronic illnesses * Provide preventive care * Offer health education ## Footnote GPs may take a holistic approach considering biological, psychological, and social aspects of patient care.

Answer 40

Preventive care ## Footnote They are familiar with a range of disorders and diseases. They work with all age groups.

Answer 41

* Comprehensive care for adults * Diagnosis and treatment of chronic, long-term conditions * Treatment for common illnesses * Preventive care ## Footnote Internists must have a broad understanding of the body and its ailments.

Answer 42

* Pediatric medicine * Adult medicine ## Footnote They may not provide care across the lifespan.

Answer 43

* Managing referrals from primary care offices * Supporting the specialist provider ## Footnote Medical assistants play a crucial role in coordinating care between primary and specialist providers.

Answer 44

* Disorders of the immune system * Adverse reactions to medications and food * Anaphylaxis * Autoimmune disease problems * Asthma ## Footnote Allergists focus on conditions related to the immune system.

Answer 45

Manages pain or administers sedation medications during surgical procedures ## Footnote Anesthesiologists are critical for patient safety during surgeries.

Answer 46

Diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels ## Footnote Cardiologists specialize in cardiovascular health.

Answer 47

Skin conditions ## Footnote Dermatologists focus on the health of the skin.

Answer 48

* Hormonal conditions * Glandular conditions * Diabetes * Thyroid issues ## Footnote Endocrinologists specialize in hormonal health.

Answer 49

Diseases of the GI tract ## Footnote This includes the stomach, intestines, esophagus, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum.

Answer 50

Internal reproductive system and fertility disorders ## Footnote Gynecologists focus on women's health.

Answer 51

* Blood disorders * Blood-producing organs * Anemia * Leukemia * Lymphoma ## Footnote Hematologists specialize in blood health.

Answer 52

Diseases related to the liver, biliary tree, gallbladder, and pancreas ## Footnote Hepatologists focus on liver health.

Answer 53

Care of newborns, specifically those who are ill or premature ## Footnote Neonatologists specialize in neonatal health.

Answer 54

Diseases and disorders of the kidney and its associated structures ## Footnote Nephrologists focus on kidney health.

Answer 55

Care of patients during and after pregnancy ## Footnote Obstetricians specialize in maternal health.

Answer 56

Patients who have cancer ## Footnote Oncologists specialize in cancer care.

Answer 57

Diseases and conditions of the eye ## Footnote Ophthalmologists focus on eye health.

Answer 58

Injuries and diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments ## Footnote Orthopedists specialize in musculoskeletal health.

Answer 59

Diseases and disorders of the brain and nervous system ## Footnote Neurologists focus on neurological health.

Answer 60

Diseases and conditions of the ear, nose, and throat ## Footnote Otolaryngologists specialize in ENT health.

Answer 61

Manages newborn to adolescent health ## Footnote Pediatricians specialize in children's health.

Answer 62

Mental disorders and conditions ## Footnote Psychiatrists focus on mental health.

Answer 63

Imaging to detect abnormalities in the body ## Footnote Radiologists specialize in diagnostic imaging.

Answer 64

Disorders of the urinary tract ## Footnote Urologists focus on urinary health.

Answer 65

Supplementary services that add convenience for patients and increase revenue for the organization ## Footnote They meet a specific medical need for a particular population. Ex: Labs, Therapies, ambulances, pharmacy. Etc.

Answer 66

Provides an alternative to the emergency department ## Footnote Urgent care costs less, has shorter wait times, and offers flexible hours with walk-in appointments for non-life-threatening conditions.

Answer 67

Diagnostic testing on blood, body fluids, and other specimens ## Footnote This testing concludes a diagnosis for the provider.

Answer 68

* X-ray equipment * Ultrasound machines * Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) * Computerized tomography (CT) ## Footnote These machines take images of body parts to further diagnose conditions.

Answer 69

Assists patients with developmental, emotional, mental, or physical disabilities ## Footnote Helps patients compensate for loss of functions and rebuild to a functional level.

Answer 70

Regaining mobility and improving strength and range of motion ## Footnote Often helps patients impaired by accidents, injuries, or diseases.

Answer 71

Involves pricking the skin or tissues with needles to relieve pain and treat various conditions ## Footnote Acupuncture is used for physical, mental, and emotional conditions.

Answer 72

Diagnoses and treats pain and overall body function through spinal manipulation and alignment ## Footnote Chiropractic care aims to improve health by adjusting the spine.

Answer 73

A calm method of clearing cellular memory through the human energy field, promoting health, balance, and relaxation ## Footnote It centers on the connection between physical, emotional, and mental states.

Answer 74

pain ## Footnote Acupuncture treats various physical, mental, and emotional conditions.

Answer 75

FALSE ## Footnote It also involves diagnosing and treating pain and overall body function.

Answer 76

* Vitamins * Minerals * Herbs * Other botanicals ## Footnote They may include various parts of plants for their therapeutic properties.

Answer 77

Relieve pain ## Footnote Examples include acetaminophen, hydrocodone, and codeine.

Answer 78

* Esomeprazole * Calcium carbonate * Famotidine ## Footnote Indicated for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

Answer 79

Bacterial infections ## Footnote Examples include amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole.

Answer 80

Smooth muscle spasms ## Footnote Examples include ipratropium, dicyclomine, and hyoscyamine.

Answer 81

Delay blood clotting ## Footnote Examples include warfarin, apixaban, and heparin.

Answer 82

Seizures ## Footnote Examples include clonazepam, phenytoin, and gabapentin.

Answer 83

Relieve depression ## Footnote Examples include doxepin, fluoxetine, duloxetine, and selegiline.

Answer 84

Reduce diarrhea ## Footnote Examples include bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide, and diphenoxylate/atropine.

Answer 85

Reduce nausea, vomiting ## Footnote Examples include metoclopramide and ondansetron.

Answer 86

Fungal infections ## Footnote Examples include fluconazole, nystatin, and miconazole.

Answer 87

Relieve allergies ## Footnote Examples include diphenhydramine, cetirizine, and loratadine.

Answer 88

Lower blood pressure ## Footnote Examples include metoprolol, lisinopril, valsartan, and clonidine.

Answer 89

Reduce inflammation ## Footnote Examples include ibuprofen, celecoxib, and naproxen.

Answer 90

Cholesterol ## Footnote Examples include atorvastatin, fenofibrate, and cholestyramine.

Answer 91

Relieve migraine headaches ## Footnote Examples include topiramate, sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and zolmitriptan.

Answer 92

Bone density ## Footnote Examples include alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin.

Answer 93

Psychosis ## Footnote Examples include quetiapine, haloperidol, and risperidone.

Answer 94

Reduce fever ## Footnote Examples include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin.

Answer 95

Reduce or prevent muscle spasms ## Footnote Examples include cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, and carisoprodol.

Answer 96

Control cough, promote the elimination of mucus ## Footnote Examples include dextromethorphan, codeine, and guaifenesin.

Answer 97

Viral infections ## Footnote Examples include acyclovir, interferon, and oseltamivir.

Answer 98

Reduce anxiety ## Footnote Examples include clonazepam, diazepam, and lorazepam.

Answer 99

Relax airway muscles ## Footnote Examples include albuterol, isoproterenol, and theophylline.

Answer 100

Reduce hyperactivity ## Footnote Examples include methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine.

Answer 101

Pregnancy ## Footnote Examples include medroxyprogesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, and drospirenone.

Answer 102

Relieve nasal congestion ## Footnote Examples include pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, and oxymetazoline.

Answer 103

Excess fluid ## Footnote Examples include furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and bumetanide.

Answer 104

Hormone deficiencies ## Footnote Examples include levothyroxine, insulin, desmopressin, and estrogen.

Answer 105

Bowel movements ## Footnote Examples include magnesium hydroxide, bisacodyl, and docusate sodium.

Answer 106

Blood glucose ## Footnote Examples include metformin, glyburide, and pioglitazone.

Answer 107

Induce sleep/relaxation ## Footnote Examples include zolpidem, temazepam, and eszopiclone.

Answer 108

Five schedules ## Footnote These schedules are based on the potential for abuse and addiction.

Answer 109

TRUE ## Footnote Understanding these schedules is crucial for medical assistants in managing prescriptions.

Answer 110

Setting expectations and normalizing the experience ## Footnote Patients may feel frustrated or shamed by regulations.

Answer 111

Schedule II ## Footnote This classification is due to its high potential for abuse and medical use.

Answer 112

Come in for a checkup ## Footnote This ensures the medication is effective and safe.

Answer 113

* High potential for abuse * No approved medical use in the U.S. * Illegal to prescribe ## Footnote Examples include heroin, mescaline, and LSD.

Answer 114

Cannabis (marijuana) ## Footnote Federal prosecution does not occur in states that allow its use.

Answer 115

* High potential for abuse * Dangerous * Can lead to dependence ## Footnote Examples include morphine, oxycodone, and amphetamine.

Answer 116

Must be signed by hand ## Footnote Electronic transmission is allowed under certain regulations.

Answer 117

A safe or steel cabinet ## Footnote Must be of substantial construction and secured.

Answer 118

Moderate to low potential for dependence ## Footnote Examples include ketamine and anabolic steroids.

Answer 119

Low potential for abuse and dependence ## Footnote Examples include tramadol and benzodiazepines.

Answer 120

Limited quantities of some narcotics ## Footnote Usually for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes.

Answer 121

6 months ## Footnote They may not be refilled more than five times in this period.

Answer 122

Office of Diversion Control website ## Footnote This resource provides updated information on controlled substances.

Answer 123

Therapeutic effects ## Footnote These are the effects for which providers prescribe medications.

Answer 124

Undesirable unintended actions on the body, such as nausea or dry mouth ## Footnote Side effects can limit the usefulness of the medication.

Answer 125

Unintended, harmful actions of the medication, such as an allergic reaction ## Footnote Adverse effects prevent further use of the medication.

Answer 126

The problems for which the provider prescribes a particular medication ## Footnote Indications guide the choice of medication.

Answer 127

Symptoms or conditions that make a specific treatment or medication inadvisable or dangerous ## Footnote Contraindications must be considered before prescribing medication.

Answer 128

Problems that pose a lesser risk but require close observation and monitoring ## Footnote Precautions ensure patient safety during medication therapy.

Answer 129

The symptoms or reason a medication is prescribed ## Footnote Indications help determine the appropriate use of a medication.

Answer 130

Symptoms or conditions that make a treatment inadvisable or dangerous ## Footnote The most common contraindication is hypersensitivity to the medication.

Answer 131

Cirrhosis of the liver ## Footnote Hepatitis is a contraindication for taking duloxetine.

Answer 132

* Acetaminophen * Phenytoin * Fluconazole * Bupropion * Penicillin * Erythromycin * Rifampin * Ritonavir * Lisinopril * Losartan ## Footnote These medications are toxic to the liver.

Answer 133

FALSE ## Footnote Contraindications refer to conditions making treatment inadvisable, while interactions refer to how medications affect each other.

Answer 134

Foods containing tyramine ## Footnote Examples of MAOIs include phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine.

Answer 135

Interferes with metabolism, raises medication levels, and produces toxicity ## Footnote Medications affected include dextromethorphan, simvastatin, and sildenafil.

Answer 136

St. John’s wort ## Footnote It reduces the effectiveness of warfarin and oral contraceptives.

Answer 137

Both medications lose effectiveness ## Footnote This can lead to inadequate treatment of conditions like asthma.

Answer 138

Risk of hemorrhage or major bleeding ## Footnote Both medications have anticoagulant effects.

Answer 139

* Ampicillin * Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim * Minocycline * Metronidazole ## Footnote This interaction can lead to unintended pregnancies.

Answer 140

* Pain * Infection * Muscle spasms * Migraine headaches * Anxiety * Depression * Insomnia ## Footnote These indications guide the prescription of medications.

Answer 141

* Gastrointestinal problems (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation) * Central nervous system effects (dizziness, headache, sedation, insomnia) ## Footnote Some patients take medications with food to minimize these effects.

Answer 142

Taking a formulation with an enteric coating ## Footnote This helps protect the stomach lining from irritation.

Answer 143

* Heart rate * Blood pressure * Vision * Hearing ## Footnote Monitoring these changes is essential for patient safety.

Answer 144

metric system ## Footnote Some medication formulations may require conversions from apothecary and standard systems.

Answer 145

* kilograms (kg) * grams (g) * milligrams (mg) * micrograms (mcg) ## Footnote These units are commonly used in medication prescriptions.

Answer 146

* deciliters (dL) * liters (L) * milliliters (mL) ## Footnote Volume measurements are essential in medication dosages.

Answer 147

* kilometers (km) * meters (m) * centimeters (cm) * millimeters (mm) ## Footnote Length measurements are less common in prescriptions but are used in clinical applications.

Answer 148

FALSE ## Footnote There are exceptions, such as the amount of nitroglycerin ointment to apply.

Answer 149

0.000001 ## Footnote This prefix indicates a division by 1,000,000.

Answer 150

0.001 ## Footnote This prefix indicates a division by 1,000.

Answer 151

0.01 ## Footnote This prefix indicates a division by 100.

Answer 152

1 ## Footnote The base unit serves as the reference point for other metric measurements.

Answer 153

1,000 ## Footnote This prefix indicates a multiplication by 1,000.

Answer 154

1 mL ## Footnote This is part of the standard system for measuring liquid medications.

Answer 155

5 mL ## Footnote Commonly used for measuring liquid oral medications.

Answer 156

15 mL ## Footnote This measurement is often used in household medication dosing.

Answer 157

30 mL ## Footnote 1 fluid ounce is equivalent to 2 tablespoons.

Answer 158

240 mL ## Footnote This measurement is frequently used in cooking and medication dosing.

Answer 159

480 mL (about 500 mL) ## Footnote This is a common measurement for liquids.

Answer 160

960 mL (about 1 L) ## Footnote Used in both cooking and medication measurements.

Answer 161

3,830 mL ## Footnote This is a larger measurement often used for bulk liquids.

Answer 162

1 kilogram (kg) ## Footnote This conversion is important for understanding weight in different systems.

Answer 163

Take time and recheck calculations ## Footnote If there is any doubt, ask the provider or another medical assistant to check the calculations.

Answer 164

Proportion method ## Footnote This method is effective for determining the correct dosage based on available medication.

Answer 165

Desired over Have ## Footnote This method calculates what to give divided by what you have times the quantity you have.

Answer 166

Weight calculations ## Footnote Weight-based calculations ensure appropriate dosing based on the child's weight.

Answer 167

Body Surface Area ## Footnote BSA is considered the most accurate way to calculate doses for children up to age 12.

Answer 168

BSA of child in m² × adult dose = child's dose ## Footnote This formula allows for accurate dosing based on the child's body surface area.

Answer 169

FALSE ## Footnote Body Surface Area (BSA) is also a widely accepted method for calculating pediatric dosages.

Answer 170

Inhalation ## Footnote Aerosols are commonly used for respiratory medications.

Answer 171

Oral ## Footnote Caplets are a solid form of medication taken by mouth.

Answer 172

Topical, vaginal, rectal ## Footnote Creams are applied to the skin or used in other specific areas.

Answer 173

Otic, ophthalmic, nasal ## Footnote Drops are used for ear, eye, or nasal applications.

Answer 174

IV, IM, subcutaneous, ID ## Footnote Injectable liquids are administered via various injection methods.

Answer 175

Oral ## Footnote Lozenges dissolve in the mouth for localized effects.

Answer 176

Topical, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal, rectal ## Footnote Ointments are used for various applications on the skin and other areas.

Answer 177

Oral ## Footnote Syrups are sweetened liquid medications taken by mouth.

Answer 178

Oral, buccal, sublingual, vaginal ## Footnote Tablets can be administered in several ways depending on their formulation.

Answer 179

To avoid potentially serious medication errors ## Footnote It is crucial to ensure that the correct medication is administered.

Answer 180

* Check the medication against the prescription when selected * Check the medication and prescription when preparing the dose * Recheck the medication before restocking the bottle ## Footnote These checks help prevent medication errors.

Answer 181

FALSE ## Footnote Abbreviations can lead to confusion and errors in medication administration.

Answer 182

To emphasize parts of medication names that could cause confusion ## Footnote This strategy helps differentiate similar-sounding or look-alike medications.

Answer 183

Store them in separate areas in medication cabinets or rooms ## Footnote This helps prevent mix-ups during medication administration.

Answer 184

Create labels with indications or purposes for use ## Footnote For example, adding a 'diuretic' label to hydrochlorothiazide packaging.

Answer 185

Institute for Safe Medication Practices website ## Footnote This resource provides tools for identifying potentially confusing medications.

Answer 186

Avoid having look-alike medication names appear consecutively ## Footnote This helps reduce the risk of selecting the wrong medication.

Answer 187

* Enteral * Parenteral ## Footnote Enteral routes involve the gastrointestinal tract, while parenteral routes are outside the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 188

* Injections (intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, intravenous) * Topical * Vaginal * Inhalation ## Footnote Parenteral routes include various methods of administration that do not involve the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 189

FALSE ## Footnote Medical assistants do not administer medications by routes that require nurses or providers, such as intravenous, epidural, and intrathecal.

Answer 190

* Mouth * Stomach * Intestines ## Footnote Oral medications are taken through the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 191

* Intradermal * Intramuscular (IM) * Subcutaneous (SQ or Sub-Q) ## Footnote These routes involve injections into specific body tissues.

Answer 192

* Skin of the upper chest * Forearms * Upper back ## Footnote Intradermal injections are administered into the dermis layer of the skin.

Answer 193

* Deltoid * Vastus lateralis * Ventrogluteal muscles ## Footnote IM injections are given into large muscle groups for faster absorption.

Answer 194

* Upper arms * Abdomen * Buttocks * Upper outer thighs ## Footnote Subcutaneous injections are administered into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin.

Answer 195

* Topical * Vaginal/rectal ## Footnote Noninjectable routes include administration methods that do not involve injections.

Answer 196

On the skin ## Footnote Topical medications include gels, tinctures, solutions, ointments, lotions, creams, liniments, powders, patches, and sprays.

Answer 197

* Vagina/vulva * Rectum/anus ## Footnote Vaginal and rectal medications can come in forms such as suppositories, solutions, creams, ointments, gels, and foams.

Answer 198

The study of how medications move through the body ## Footnote It involves understanding the journey of drugs within the body.

Answer 199

* Absorption * Distribution * Metabolism * Excretion ## Footnote These actions help in understanding a medication's effects and duration.

Answer 200

True ## Footnote Knowledge of these factors is crucial for effective medication management.

Answer 201

The body converts medication into a usable form and moves it into the bloodstream ## Footnote This process varies depending on the route of administration.

Answer 202

They move through the stomach or intestines to be absorbed ## Footnote Oral liquids are absorbed faster as they do not require breakdown.

Answer 203

Much quicker ## Footnote IV administration delivers medication directly to the bloodstream.

Answer 204

At least some can end up in the bloodstream ## Footnote This indicates that absorption can occur regardless of the application route.

Answer 205

* Solubility in fat * Injection into muscle tissue * Surface area available for absorption * Presence of food ## Footnote Highly fat-soluble medications pass more readily through cell membranes.

Answer 206

The intestines have a larger inner surface area ## Footnote This allows for more efficient absorption of medications.

Answer 207

Slows absorption and can inactivate some medications ## Footnote Medications negatively affected by the gastrointestinal system may require parenteral administration.

Answer 208

cell membranes ## Footnote This characteristic enhances their absorption into the blood.

Answer 209

The transportation of the medication throughout the body ## Footnote The bloodstream carries the medication to the body’s tissues and organs.

Answer 210

Protects the brain from dangerous chemicals but can hinder therapeutic substances ## Footnote This barrier can make it difficult to get some medications into brain tissues.

Answer 211

FALSE ## Footnote Some medications cross the placental barrier very easily, making them risky for pregnant patients.

Answer 212

* Blood-brain barrier * Placental barrier ## Footnote These barriers can affect how medications are delivered to specific tissues.

Answer 213

Liver ## Footnote The liver changes active forms of medication into harmless metabolites ready for excretion.

Answer 214

Kidneys ## Footnote The kidneys play a role in the metabolism of certain medications.

Answer 215

* Patient’s age * Number of medications taken * Health of various organs and tissues ## Footnote Genetic makeup can also influence metabolism efficiency.

Answer 216

FALSE ## Footnote Infants and older adults have the least efficient metabolism, requiring dosage modifications.

Answer 217

least efficient ## Footnote This variation in metabolism efficiency necessitates careful dosage adjustments.

Answer 218

The removal of a medication’s metabolites from the body ## Footnote Excretion primarily occurs through urine, but can also happen via feces, saliva, bile, sweat glands, breast milk, and exhaled air.

Answer 219

The kidneys ## Footnote The kidneys are responsible for filtering and eliminating most medications through urine.

Answer 220

The time it takes for the processes of metabolism and excretion to eliminate half a dose of a medication ## Footnote Half-lives can vary significantly, with some medications taking only minutes and others taking days.

Answer 221

FALSE ## Footnote Medications with short half-lives are eliminated quickly, often within minutes.

Answer 222

It helps determine dosing intervals ## Footnote If the next dose is not given before the half-life time, the therapeutic level may drop below the effective range.

Answer 223

exhaled air ## Footnote These various routes help eliminate different medications from the body.

Answer 224

Distribution ## Footnote Because many medications can easily cross the placental barrier during distribution, the medications can reach the fetus, which may be dangerous.

Answer 225

* Right patient * Right medication * Right dose * Right time * Right route ## Footnote These rights are essential safety checks to avoid medication errors.

Answer 226

TRUE ## Footnote Most sources agree that the original five rights, plus the right technique and right documentation, are essential.

Answer 227

* Right technique * Right documentation ## Footnote These additional rights help ensure the safe administration of medications.

Answer 228

Asking patients to state their full name and date of birth ## Footnote This method is widely accepted for confirming patient identity.

Answer 229

* Mobile phone number * Photo identification card ## Footnote These identifiers must pertain only to the specific patient.

Answer 230

records ## Footnote This step is crucial for confirming the correct patient and medication.

Answer 231

* Check when taking the medication container from storage * Check when preparing to administer the medication * Check when putting the container back or discarding it ## Footnote This process is often referred to as the “three befores” and is essential every time medication is given to a patient.

Answer 232

When taking the medication container from the storage cabinet or drawer ## Footnote This is the initial step in the triple-check process.

Answer 233

When taking the medication from its container to prepare to administer it ## Footnote This ensures that the correct medication is being prepared for administration.

Answer 234

When putting the container back in storage or discarding it ## Footnote This final check helps confirm that the correct medication was administered.

Answer 235

Expiration date ## Footnote Ensuring the medication has not expired is crucial for safety and effectiveness.

Answer 236

Dispose of it according to facility guidelines and protocols ## Footnote Proper disposal is important to ensure safety and compliance.

Answer 237

The dosage on the prescription in the patient’s medical record and the dosage on the medication’s label ## Footnote This comparison is crucial for patient safety and accurate medication administration.

Answer 238

* Perform mathematical calculations for administering the right dosage * Find a medication container with a dosage form that matches the prescription ## Footnote Ensuring the correct dosage form is essential for effective treatment.

Answer 239

Right after the provider writes the prescription ## Footnote This practice ensures timely administration of medications as prescribed by the healthcare provider.

Answer 240

* Timing specifications * Patient's empty stomach * Interaction with other medications ## Footnote These factors can significantly affect the efficacy and safety of the medication being administered.

Answer 241

* Blurry vision * Photophobia (sensitivity to light) ## Footnote Patients may not be able to drive until these effects wear off.

Answer 242

FALSE ## Footnote If the patient does not have an escort or cannot wait, it is the wrong time to administer the medication.

Answer 243

The route on the prescription in the medical record with the administration route they are planning to use ## Footnote This ensures that the correct route is being used for the patient.

Answer 244

That the route is appropriate for the patient and that the medication formulation is right for that route ## Footnote This is crucial for patient safety and effective treatment.

Answer 245

* Medication’s product insert from the manufacturer * Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) * Another reliable medication reference ## Footnote These sources provide authoritative information on medication administration.

Answer 246

FALSE ## Footnote The route of administration must adhere to the medication’s manufacturer guidelines.

Answer 247

90 degrees ## Footnote This angle ensures proper delivery of the medication into the muscle tissue.

Answer 248

10 to 15 degrees ## Footnote This angle allows for the medication to be placed just under the skin.

Answer 249

45 degrees ## Footnote This angle is used to inject medication into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin.

Answer 250

After the patient receives it ## Footnote Documentation should not occur before the medication is administered.

Answer 251

* Reason why the patient did not receive it ## Footnote Proper documentation is crucial for patient safety and legal compliance.

Answer 252

* Date * Time * Quantity * Medication * Strength * Method * Location of administration * Lot number * Manufacturer * Expiration date * Patient outcome ## Footnote This information is essential for tracking and ensuring patient safety.

Answer 253

TRUE ## Footnote Noting patient reactions helps in monitoring and improving future care.

Answer 254

That the patient tolerated it well ## Footnote This indicates the effectiveness and safety of the administered medication.

Answer 255

The body’s inability to turn food into energy properly ## Footnote Type II diabetes is often connected to an individual’s food intake.

Answer 256

TRUE ## Footnote Early management can reduce the need for medications.

Answer 257

* Eating several small, nutrient-dense meals consistently throughout the day * Avoiding or severely limiting foods high in added sugars * Limiting foods high in carbohydrates, especially those with refined grains * Consuming more fiber ## Footnote Careful planning and managing food intake can promote stability and consistency of blood sugar.

Answer 258

carbohydrates ## Footnote Increasing fiber intake is recommended for better blood sugar management.

Answer 259

A gradual decrease in kidney function ## Footnote CKD impacts millions of Americans and is most common in older adults.

Answer 260

Stages 1 to 3 ## Footnote Many individuals may have early-stage CKD without knowing it.

Answer 261

Diet ## Footnote Medications are typically not recommended in early stages.

Answer 262

An autoimmune disorder where individuals cannot safely consume gluten ## Footnote Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and its consumption leads to damage in the small intestine for those affected.

Answer 263

Eating a gluten-free diet ## Footnote This is essential to prevent damage to the small intestine.

Answer 264

* Self-starvation * Perfectionism * Extreme sensitivity to criticism * Excessive fear of weight gain * Weight loss of at least 15% * Amenorrhea * Denial of feelings of hunger * Excessive exercising * Ritualistic eating behavior * Extreme control of behavior * Unrealistic image of the self as obese ## Footnote Anorexia nervosa affects people of all ages, genders, and races, often seen in high achievers.

Answer 265

* Family history of anorexia * Alcohol use disorder * Childhood trauma * Depression * Major life changes * High stress levels ## Footnote These factors may contribute to the development of the disorder.

Answer 266

Alert the provider immediately ## Footnote The disorder can be life-threatening.

Answer 267

* Hospitalization * Parenteral nutrition * Nasogastric feedings * Psychotherapy * Education about nutrition ## Footnote Treatment is essential for recovery and involves a multidisciplinary approach.

Answer 268

15% ## Footnote This significant weight loss is a critical indicator of the disorder.

Answer 269

* Eating large amounts of food (binging) * Purging by self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics ## Footnote It is a controlling behavior aimed at gaining control of weight.

Answer 270

* Guilt * Depression ## Footnote They attempt to alleviate guilt by eliminating the food they eat.

Answer 271

* Buying and consuming large amounts of food * Purging after eating excessive amounts * Using the bathroom immediately after eating with others * Using laxatives and diuretics * Keeping weight constant while overeating * Mood swings * Depression and guilt after binging and purging ## Footnote Medical assistants should alert the provider if they observe these manifestations.

Answer 272

* Lesions in the esophagus * Erosion of tooth enamel * Electrolyte and hormone imbalances ## Footnote These complications can result from the purging behaviors associated with the disorder.

Answer 273

* Psychotherapy * Medication for anxiety and depression * Dental work * Nutrition counseling * Support groups ## Footnote A comprehensive approach is necessary for effective treatment.

Answer 274

bulimia nervosa ## Footnote Binge eating disorder differs as it does not involve purging behavior.

Answer 275

* heart disease * hypertension * type 2 diabetes mellitus * stroke * cancer * joint disorders * GERD * sleep apnea ## Footnote These conditions are exacerbated by obesity.

Answer 276

* heartburn * bloating * abdominal pain * diarrhea ## Footnote These issues are common among individuals with obesity.

Answer 277

uncomfortably full ## Footnote This behavior is characteristic of binge eating episodes.

Answer 278

an addiction or a coping mechanism ## Footnote This predisposes patients to alcohol and substance use disorders.

Answer 279

alert the provider immediately ## Footnote Early intervention is crucial for treatment.

Answer 280

* eating healthy food * self-acceptance * awareness of hunger and fullness * engaging in enjoyable physical activity ## Footnote These components are essential for recovery.

Module 1 - Foundational Knowledge And Basic Science Flashcards

CCMA NHA Basics (304 cards)