Module 1 Introduction

Question 1

Congenital

Answer 1

• Present at birth

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

• Change in normal body function/structure
• Leads to abnormal function

Question 3

Etiology

Answer 3

• Study of the causes of disease

Question 4

Genetic

Answer 4

• Heritable disorder

Question 5

Iatrogenic

Answer 5

• Disease caused by medical treatment

Question 6

Idiopathic

Answer 6

• Unknown cause of disease

Question 7

Incidence

Answer 7

• Number of new cases of disease/illness
• Within given population during time period

Question 8

Morbidity

Answer 8

• Health impairment by illness

Question 9

Mortality

Answer 9

• Causing death

Question 10

Pathogenesis

Answer 10

• Progression of disease
• Production & development of disease
• Sequence of cellular events

Question 11

Prevalence

Answer 11

• Number of cases of given disease
• Within population during time period

Question 12

Prognosis

Answer 12

• Predicted course & outcome of disease

Question 13

Sign

Answer 13

• Objective measurement
• Found through physical/clinical examination

Question 14

Symptom

Answer 14

• Subjective
• Complaint from patient

Question 15

Teratogen

Answer 15

• Chemical, biological, physical agent
• Causes physical defects in embryo

Question 16

Gross Exam

Answer 16

• Observe with eye

Question 17

Uses of Lab Tests

Answer 17

• Diagnosis of disease
• Screening of disease
• Determine illness severity
• Determine course of management
• Monitor surgical recovery
• Drug monitoring
• Identify drug abuse/poisonings
• Baseline/nutritional
• Legal protection
• Verify abnormal results (retest)

Question 18

Serum Specimen Collection

Answer 18

• Without anticoagulant (red) top
• Allow blood to clot
• Centrifuged & separated from cells

Question 19

Serum Seperation Tube (SST)

Answer 19

• Provide physical barrier
• Serum & cells after centrifugation
• Gold top
• Better stability & transport

Question 20

Plasma Specimen Collection

Answer 20

• With heparin to prevent clotting
• Green top
• Centrifuged & separated from cells
• Faster process with small volume (no clot)

Question 21

EDTA Plasma Collection

Answer 21

• Preserve cellular elements of blood
• Lavender top
• Hematology tests

Question 22

Accuracy

Answer 22

• Ability of data to match true value

Question 23

Precision

Answer 23

• Closeness of data to each other
• Spread of data from average

Question 24

Specificity

Answer 24

• Absence of disease
• Negative test in non-diseased subjects
• TN/TN + FP

Question 25

Sensitivity

Answer 25

- Power of test - Positive result in diseased subjects - TP/TP + FN

Question 26

Pre-Analytical Errors

Answer 26

- Highest frequency of errors - Specimen retrieval