columns have different value for every row; Ensures that a column will not have duplicate values
UNIQUE constraint
columns must have a value
NOT NULL constraint
Validates data in an attribute
CHECK command
A join that performs a relational product (or Cartesian product) of two tables.
Cross join
A SQL clause that adds conditional restrictions to a SELECT statement that limit the rows returned by the query.
WHERE
A query that is embedded (or nested) inside another query. Also known as a nested query or an inner query.
subquery