Module 1 Unit 4

Question 1

Who

• Self is both the “knower” and the “known”
• Partly object and partly subject
• Divided into the me-self and the I-self

Answer 1

William James

Question 2

James

• This is the empirical self
• The object of a thought

Answer 2

Me-Self

Question 3

3 Dimensions of Me-self

Pertains to the things you own

Answer 3

Material Self

Question 4

3 Dimensions of Me-self

Significant interpersonal relations

Answer 4

Social Self

Question 5

3 Dimensions of Me-self

One’s personality, character and defining values

Answer 5

Spiritual Self

Question 6

James

• “Pure ego” - provides the thread of continuity between our past, present, and future selves
• Consciousness itself
• Self-awareness
• Soul (or mind)
• Involves subjective experiential features

Answer 6

I-Self

Question 7

James

3 Dimensions of I-self:

Answer 7

1. Individual Self
2. Relational Self
3. Collective Self

Question 8

Who

“To search for truth about the self is as valuable as to search for truth in other areas of life”

Answer 8

Karen Horney

Question 9

Who

The foundation of a healthy development stems from our childhood experiences

Answer 9

Karen Horney

Question 10

Horney

Child’s feelings of unexpressed hostility would result in the
development of ___ - a feeling of inadequacy and helplessness in a perceived hostile world

Answer 10

Basic anxiety

Question 11

Horney

Presence of basic anxiety can lead to the development of
the ___ - an overly positive, and perfect image of the self

Answer 11

Idealized Self

Question 12

Horney’s theory of the self

• The self envisioned as possessing limitless power
• Developed from feelings of inferiority and the desire for love
• One’s view of perfection

Answer 12

Idealized Self

Question 13

Horney’s theory of the self

• The person one is in everyday life
• True self, irrespective of others’ perceptions
• Frequently disliked for not meeting idealized expectations

Answer 13

Actualized Self

Question 14

Horney’s theory of the self

• Negative view of the self
• Based on the lack of love and acceptance by others
• Consists of feelings of inferiority and shortcomings
• The feeling that one is hated; it is assumed that it is one’s true self is the one hated

Answer 14

Despised Self

Question 15

Horney’s theory of the self

• Unveiled as one discards coping mechanisms for basic anxiety
• A “force” that impels growth and self-realization
• The inner core of personality, one’s potential - the need to be who one truly is

Answer 15

Real Self

Question 16

Horney

Basic hostility, basic anxiety and the idealized self are said to be ___

Answer 16

Normal

Question 17

Who

There are two types of tendencies: Formative and Actualizing

Answer 17

Carl Rogers

Question 18

Roger

• The ability to grow from simple to complex organisms
• Eg. From a child to a teen

Answer 18

Formative Tendency

Question 19

Rogers

The ability to reach one’s fullest potential

Answer 19

Actualizing Tendency

Question 20

Who

• Gave emphasis on the subjective experience of a person
• Through life experiences, individuals differentiate from others

Answer 20

Carl Rogers

Question 21

Rogers

Refers to the aspects of one’s being and experiences that are perceived in awareness

Answer 21

Real Self (Self-concept)

Question 22

Rogers

This pertains to who you want to become in the future

Answer 22

Ideal Self

Question 23

Rogers

3 Requirements for the ideal self and real self to overlap

Answer 23

1. Congruence/Genuineness
2. Empathy
3. Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 24

Rogers

• Acting in advance of a future situation, rather than just reacting
• Taking initiative and actively influencing outcomes, rather than passively adapting or waiting
• More impulsive

Answer 24

Proactive

Question 25

# Rogers * Self-organizing, proactive, self-reflective and self-regulating as times change * We are NOT merely reactive organisms shaped by environmental forces or driven by inner impulses * Less impulsive; you think first

Answer 25

Argentic

Question 26

# Who Human Agency

Answer 26

Albert Bandura

Question 27

# Bandura * Essence of humanness; People are self-regulating, proactive, self- organizing and self-reflective * Consequences of actions that we have decided to do

Answer 27

Human Agency

Question 28

# Features of Human Agency (Bandura) People are continually changing their plans and are aware of the consequences of their actions

Answer 28

Intentionality

Question 29

# Features of Human Agency (Bandura) People are able to anticipate the possible outcomes of their actions and select behaviors that will produce the desired outcome

Answer 29

Forethought

Question 30

# Features of Human Agency (Bandura) The ability to motivate themselves and regulate their actions

Answer 30

Self-reactiveness

Question 31

# Features of Human Agency (Bandura) People have the ability to examine themselves

Answer 31

Self-reflectiveness

Question 32

# Bandura Feelings of adequacy, efficiency and competence in coping with life

Answer 32

Self-Efficacy

Question 33

# Sources of Self-efficacy * Past successes indicate one's mastery and competence level * Past accomplishments can boost self-efficacy

Answer 33

Performance Attainment

Question 34

# Sources of Self-efficacy Watching others succeed enhances self-efficacy, especially when they are similar in abilities

Answer 34

Vicarious Experience

Question 35

# Sources of Self-efficacy * Verbal feedback and encouraging words may help strengthen levels of self-efficacy * The “WHO” is also an important factor

Answer 35

Verbal Persuasions

Question 36

# Sources of Self-efficacy The more composed we are, the greater one’s self-efficacy is

Answer 36

Physiological and Emotional Arousal

Question 37

The knower is the?

Answer 37

I-self

Question 38

The known is the?

Answer 38

Me-self