What is the recommended mount of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week?
150 mins (22 mins per day)
What are hazards of immobility with regards to: Metabolic function
- decreased BMR
- carbs, fats and proteins metabolism slowed down
- decreased appetite
- GI slows down -> constipation -> obstruction
- fluids and electrolytes = out of whack
- increased Ca2+ in blood because of increased reabsorption from bones therefore bones = more fragile
What are hazards of immobility with regards to: Respiratory function
- decreased lung expansion
- Atelectasis (collapsed lung)
- Hypostatic pneumonia
- decreased O2 saturation
What are hazards of immobility with regards to: Cardiovascular function
- Orthostatic/hypostatic hypotension (decreased BP)
- Increased deep vein thrombosis (clots)
What are hazards of immobility with regards to: Musculoskeletal function
- atrophy due to disuse (decreased muscle tone)- 3% per day
- increased Ca2+ reabsorption = osteoporosis
- joint contracture
What are hazards of immobility with regards to: Genitourinary function
- infection due to urine stasis (stoppage)
- calculi
What are hazards of immobility with regards to: Integument
- Decubitus (pressure) ulcers
What are hazards of immobility with regards to: Psychosocial
- depression
- sleep wake disturbances
- change in behaviour
- impaired coping
- isolation, disorientation
What is the subjective way of assessing any pain/MSK issues?
C-character O- onset L- location (and radiation!!!) D- duration S- severity P- pattern A- associated symptoms A- affect on life
What is a subjective way to assess MSK issues?
- Common concern/injuries
- Past health history- personal and family history
- Lifestyle- behaviours and environment (i.e. exercise, weight change, complimentary health modalities, diet, work, hobbies, medication use)
- Age related changes
What is the objective way to assess MSK issues?
I- inspection
P- palpation
P- percussion
A-auscultation
Should MSK assessment be head to toe or toe to head???
HEAD TO TOE
How do you inspect in an MSK objective assessment?
- gait (limp, heel toe, even, well paced, arm swing)
- body alignment
- size, shape, color, symmetry, masses, deformities
- range of motion exercises
How do you palpate in an MSK objective assessment?
- edema (swelling), heat, tenderness, nodules, crepitus
- Strength (use strength scale)
What are the 5 levels of the strength scale?
0= paralysis, no movement 1= severe weakness, flicker of contraction 2= poor ROM, no gravity, assisted by examiner 3= active ROM against gravity 4= active ROM against mild resistance 5= active ROM against full resistance
What are the 10 principles of safe body mechanics?
- widen base of support
- lower centre of gravity
- keep weight close to centre of gravity
- make sure line of gravity passes through base of support
- face direction of movement
- divide balance of activity between arms and legs
- reduce friction between object and surface
- reduce force of work- slide or roll vs. lift
- keep back straight, knees flexed, no twisting
- set own abdominal and gluteal muscles
What are 4 nursing interventions to promote mobility, exercise and activity?
- body mechanics to protect yourself
- Ambulation
- Positioning clients
- ROM exercises
Never put someone who is unconscious in ______ position
HIGH FOWLERS
What is prone position
on stomach
what is sim’s position (aka semi prone)
on stomach/ side with shoulder back
What is lateral (side lying) position
on stomach/ side with shoulder forward
