Module 12 - Acid/Base

Question 1

Hydrogen Atom

Answer 1

• Single proton
• Single electron
• Electrically natural element

Question 2

Hydrogen Ion

Answer 2

• Lost its electron
• Single proton
• H+

Question 3

Acid

Answer 3

• Molecule that releases hydrogen ion

Question 4

Strong Acid

Answer 4

• Dissociate rapidly
• Release large amounts of H+ in solution

Question 5

Base

Answer 5

• Molecule accepting H+
• Lower concentration of free H+ in solution
• Acidity decrease (more basic)

Question 6

pH Scale

Answer 6

• Quantifying concentration of H+

Question 7

pH Calculation

Answer 7

• Log base 10 [H+]

Question 8

Low H+ Concentration

Answer 8

• High pH
• Alkaline/basic

Question 9

High H+ Concentration

Answer 9

• Acidic
• Low pH

Question 10

pH Below 7

Answer 10

• Acidic

Question 11

pH Above 7

Answer 11

• Basic

Question 12

Body Fluid pH

Answer 12

• 7.35-7.45

Question 13

Arterial Blood pH

Answer 13

7.45

Question 14

Venous Blood pH

Answer 14

7.35

Question 15

Alkalosis

Answer 15

• Body fluids with pH above 7.4
• Too much HCO3-
• Too little H+

Question 16

Acidosis Types

Answer 16

• Respiratory
• Metabolic

Question 17

Alkalosis Types

Answer 17

• Respiratory
• Metabolic

Question 18

Acidosis

Answer 18

• Body fluids with pH below 7.4
• Too much H+ in body
• Too little HCO3-

Question 19

pH Levels for Death

Answer 19

• Above 7.8 or below 6.8
• For long periods of time

Question 20

Acid Sources

Answer 20

• Carbonic Acid (volatile)
• Hydrochloric acid (non-volatile)
• Sulphuric acid (non-volatile)
• Lactic acid (non-volatile)

Question 21

Carbonic Acid

Answer 21

• No net increase H+
• Reversible reaction

Question 22

Non-Volatile Acids

Answer 22

• Acids that cannot be removed
• Significant source of free H+
• Constantly produced throughout body

Question 23

Regulation of H+ Concentration

Answer 23

• Buffers
• Respiratory system
• Kidneys

Question 24

Volatile Acids

Answer 24

• Removed by lungs (CO2)

Question 25

Buffer Roles

Answer 25

- Bind free H+ - Stabilizing pH - Don't directly remove H+/alter pH

Question 26

Buffer Examples

Answer 26

- Intracellular (phosphates) - Hemoglobin - Extracellular (bicarbonate HCO3-)

Question 27

Respiratory System Buffering

Answer 27

- Regulate H+ concentration - Volatile acids - Rapidly

Question 28

Kidney Buffering

Answer 28

- Powerful control over H+ - Non-volatile acids - Slowly

Question 29

Respiratory System H+ Regulation

Answer 29

- Remove CO2 - Keeping constant gas levels - Constant pH

Question 30

Kidney Roles

Answer 30

- Excrete H+ from non-volatile acids - Reabsorb bicarbonate ions filtered at glomerulus - Create new bicarbonate ions

Question 31

Bicarbonate Roles

Answer 31

- Every ion reabsorbed, H+ secreted - Converted to CO2 - CO2 combines with H2O - Produce HCO3- & H+

Question 32

Respiratory Acidosis Cause

Answer 32

- Decreased ventilation - Increased PCO2 - Lung/respiratory centers damage

Question 33

Respiratory Acidosis Contradiction

Answer 33

- Buffers - Excretion of H+ by kidneys

Question 34

Respiratory Alkalosis Cause

Answer 34

- Increase ventilation - Decreased PCO2 - Stress - High altitudes - Emotionally induced hyperventilation

Question 35

Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation

Answer 35

- Excretion of HCO3- from kidney

Question 36

Metabolic Acidosis Cause

Answer 36

- Decrease extracellular HCO3- - Kidney failure - Formation excess of metabolic acids - Ingestion of acids (alcohol) - Loss of HCO3- in diarrhea

Question 37

Metabolic Alkalosis Cause

Answer 37

- Buildup of HCO3- - Loss of H+ - Loss of HCl- from vomiting - Ingestion of alkaline drugs